Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022 Jan;16(1):102351. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102351. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
To determine the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IHA) and self-identification of symptoms in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 242 patients with T1D at the Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from May 2021 to September 2021. In addition to the demographic data, patients' HbA1c level was also collected. Awareness and symptoms of hypoglycemia were assessed using two validated questionnaire-based methods, namely the Gold and Edinburgh methods.
The prevalence of IAH among patients with T1D was 62.8% and the presence of IAH was significantly associated with the duration of T1D (p = 0.019). Compared to males, females had significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of warmth, pounding heart, and inability to concentrate. Compared to unmarried, married patients had significantly higher levels of (p < 0.05) drowsiness, dizziness, and blurred vision. Similarly, compared to school educated, college-educated showed a higher hunger level (p < 0.05). Patients with HbA1c ≥ 7% possess a significantly higher level of drowsiness, dizziness, and hunger. Dizziness, warmth, difficulty speaking, pounding heart, and blurred vision were significantly higher among patients with diabetes duration ≥10 yrs. Nausea was significantly higher among smokers than non-smokers (p < 0.05).
The prevalence of IAH is high among patients with T1D in Saudi Arabia. Focused and evidence-based interventions are essential to minimize the hypoglycemia risk among patients with T1D.
旨在确定 1 型糖尿病（T1D）患者中低血糖意识受损（IHA）和症状自我识别的发生率。
本研究于 2021 年 5 月至 9 月在沙特阿拉伯利雅得的苏丹亲王军事医学城（PSMMC）糖尿病治疗中心对 242 例 T1D 患者进行了横断面研究。除了人口统计学数据外，还收集了患者的 HbA1c 水平。使用两种经过验证的基于问卷的方法（即 Gold 和 Edinburgh 方法）评估低血糖的意识和症状。
T1D 患者中 IAH 的患病率为 62.8%，且 IAH 的存在与 T1D 的持续时间显著相关（p=0.019）。与男性相比，女性在温暖感、心跳加速和注意力不集中方面的得分显著更高（p<0.05）。与未婚相比，已婚患者在困倦、头晕和视力模糊方面的得分显著更高（p<0.05）。同样，与接受过学校教育的人相比，接受过大学教育的人表现出更高的饥饿感（p<0.05）。HbA1c≥7%的患者表现出更高的困倦、头晕和饥饿感。糖尿病病程≥10 年的患者在头晕、温暖感、言语困难、心跳加速和视力模糊方面的得分显著更高。与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者的恶心症状更高（p<0.05）。
在沙特阿拉伯，T1D 患者中 IAH 的患病率较高。需要采取有针对性和基于证据的干预措施，以最大限度地降低 T1D 患者的低血糖风险。
