Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pediatrics, Dr Suliman Al Habib Hospital, Riydah 13212, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 8;18(21):11714. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111714.
Saudi Arabia ranks among the top ten in type 1 diabetes (T1D) prevalence. The psychological burden, including depression, among T1D children, affects short-term and long-term outcomes. In Saudi Arabia, studies on depression among T1D children are limited. We determined the prevalence of depression among T1D children and adolescents in the Saudi Arabia-Qassim region and investigated risk factors for depressive symptoms. This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among T1D children and adolescents in the outpatient clinic of Maternity and Children Hospital, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, between October 2020 and April 2021. Using a validated questionnaire translated into Arabic, we interviewed patients during clinic appointment. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, and Clinical Depression Inventory scale were used to measure depression. There were 148 T1D respondents (children: 58.1%; adolescents: 41.9%). More than half were females (53.4%), with most Saudis (94.6%). Depression prevalence among children and adolescents was 27%. Mild, moderate, and severe depression occurred in 80%, 12.5%, and 7.5% of depressed patients, respectively. Factors significant for depression were female sex ( = 0.014), uncontrolled HbA1c level ( = 0.037), and longer diabetes duration ( = 0.013). Depression among children and adolescents was more prevalent in this study than in previous reports. Early detection of depression will improve diabetes control and quality of life.
沙特阿拉伯在 1 型糖尿病（T1D）患病率方面位居前十。T1D 儿童的心理负担，包括抑郁，会影响短期和长期的结果。在沙特阿拉伯，关于 T1D 儿童抑郁的研究有限。我们确定了沙特阿拉伯盖西姆地区 T1D 儿童和青少年的抑郁患病率，并调查了抑郁症状的危险因素。这项定量横断面研究在沙特阿拉伯布赖代的母婴医院的门诊诊所中进行，研究对象为 T1D 儿童和青少年，时间为 2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 4 月。我们使用翻译成阿拉伯语的经过验证的问卷，在就诊时对患者进行访谈。使用社会人口统计学特征、临床数据和临床抑郁量表问卷来测量抑郁。共有 148 名 T1D 应答者（儿童：58.1%；青少年：41.9%）。超过一半是女性（53.4%），大多数是沙特人（94.6%）。儿童和青少年的抑郁患病率为 27%。轻度、中度和重度抑郁分别发生在 80%、12.5%和 7.5%的抑郁患者中。与抑郁相关的因素有女性（ = 0.014）、未控制的 HbA1c 水平（ = 0.037）和较长的糖尿病病程（ = 0.013）。与之前的报告相比，本研究中儿童和青少年的抑郁更为普遍。早期发现抑郁将改善糖尿病控制和生活质量。
