Student Research Committee, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021 Dec 8;20(6):647-671. doi: 10.18502/ijaai.v20i6.8016.
The widespread outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in late 2019 caused many people worldwide to die or suffer from certain clinical complications even after the recovery. The virus has many social and economic adverse effects. Studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have specified that spike, surface glycoprotein antigen, is considered as a major target to stimulate the immune system. This glycoprotein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 on the surface of human cells especially lung epithelial cells and facilitates the virus entry. Therefore, the immune response stimulated by vaccination targeting this antigen may cause immunity against the whole virus. Currently, many companies are working on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. They include 'traditional' vaccines like attenuated or inactivated virus platforms as well as the brand-new generations of vaccines such as viral vector-based, subunit, nucleic acid-based, and virus-like particle vaccines. Certainly, each vaccine platform presents several advantages and disadvantages affecting its efficacy and safety which is the main topic of this paper.
2019 年末，新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的广泛爆发导致全球许多人死亡或出现某些临床并发症，即使在康复后也是如此。该病毒具有许多社会和经济的不良影响。对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的研究表明，刺突蛋白，表面糖蛋白抗原，被认为是刺激免疫系统的主要靶标。这种糖蛋白与人细胞表面的血管紧张素转换酶 2（ACE2）结合，有助于病毒进入。因此，针对该抗原的疫苗接种所引起的免疫反应可能会产生针对整个病毒的免疫力。目前，许多公司正在研究 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗。其中包括减毒或灭活病毒平台等“传统”疫苗，以及新型疫苗，如基于病毒载体、亚单位、核酸和类病毒颗粒的疫苗。当然，每种疫苗平台都存在一些影响其疗效和安全性的优缺点，这是本文的主要主题。
