Appelton Institute & School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton & Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Nutr Rev. 2022 Mar 10;80(4):723-740. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab110.
Prolonged high salt (sodium) intake can increase the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Behavioral interventions may help reduce sodium intake at the population level.
The effectiveness of behavior change interventions to reduce sodium intake in adults was investigated in this systematic review and meta-analysis.
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and EMBASE databases were searched.
Narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analyses were used to determine intervention efficacy. A total of 61 trials (46 controlled trials and 15 quasi-experimental studies) were included.
Behavior change interventions resulted in significant improvements in salt consumption behavior (eg, decrease in purchase of salty foods; increase in use of salt substitutes), leading to reductions in sodium intake as measured by urinary sodium in 32 trials (N = 7840 participants; mean difference, -486.19 mg/d [95%CI, -669.44 to -302.95]; P < 0.001; I2 = 92%) and dietary sodium in 19 trials (N = 3750 participants; mean difference -399.86 mg/d [95%CI, -581.51 to -218.20]; P < 0.001; I2 = 96%), equivalent to a reduction of >1 g of salt intake daily. Effects were not significantly different based on baseline sodium intakes, blood pressure status, disease status, the use of behavior change theories, or the main method of intervention delivery (ie, online vs face-to-face).
Behavior change interventions are effective at improving salt consumption practices and appear to reduce salt intake by >1 g/d.
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020185639.
长期高盐（钠）摄入会增加高血压和心血管疾病的风险。行为干预可能有助于降低人群的钠摄入量。
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在研究行为改变干预措施降低成年人钠摄入量的效果。
对 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、护理与联合健康文献累积索引和 EMBASE 数据库进行了检索。
采用叙述性综合和随机效应荟萃分析来确定干预效果。共有 61 项试验（46 项对照试验和 15 项准实验研究）纳入研究。
行为改变干预措施显著改善了盐摄入行为（例如，减少购买咸食；增加使用盐替代品），导致 32 项试验（N=7840 名参与者）中尿钠测量的钠摄入量减少（平均差异，-486.19mg/d[95%CI，-669.44 至-302.95]；P<0.001；I2=92%）和 19 项试验（N=3750 名参与者）中饮食钠减少（平均差异，-399.86mg/d[95%CI，-581.51 至-218.20]；P<0.001；I2=96%），相当于每天减少摄入超过 1g 的盐。基于基线钠摄入量、血压状况、疾病状况、行为改变理论的使用或干预提供的主要方法（即在线与面对面），效果无显著差异。
行为改变干预措施可有效改善盐的摄入习惯，似乎可使盐摄入量每天减少 1g 以上。
PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42020185639。
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