Yan Yongyang, Huang Yangxi, Wang Man Ping, Lau Kui Kai, Anderson Craig S, Lee Jung Jae
School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Nurs Health Sci. 2025 Sep;27(3):e70183. doi: 10.1111/nhs.70183.
Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) often rely on informal caregivers to promote healthy dietary intake and compliance. Dyadic interventions show potential for enhancing patients' healthy diets, yet the effectiveness remains unexplored. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched up to January 10, 2025. This review included 29 articles (i.e., 25 studies) involving 3039 patients and 2706 caregivers. Dyadic interventions significantly reduced patients' sodium intake, fat intake, body mass index, and improved self-care behavior, quality of life, heart disease knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived support. However, the interventions did not improve patients' blood lipid profiles. Insufficient studies prevented meta-analyses for patients' blood pressure and blood sugar levels, health motivation, communication, mutuality, caregivers' self-care behavior, disease knowledge, quality of life, self-efficacy/caregiver mastery, and caregiver burden. Dyadic interventions showed preliminary evidence for improving CVD patients' diets. High-quality dyadic research is needed to validate current findings, assess the effectiveness on other dietary outcomes, and explore effective intervention characteristics. Trial Registration: PROSPERO number: CRD42023473308 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=473308).
心血管疾病（CVD）患者通常依靠非正式护理人员来促进健康的饮食摄入和依从性。二元干预显示出改善患者健康饮食的潜力，但有效性仍未得到探索。我们进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析。截至2025年1月10日，我们检索了PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Embase、CINAHL Plus、PsycINFO和科学网。本综述纳入了29篇文章（即25项研究），涉及3039名患者和2706名护理人员。二元干预显著降低了患者的钠摄入量、脂肪摄入量、体重指数，并改善了自我护理行为、生活质量、心脏病知识、自我效能感和感知支持。然而，这些干预措施并未改善患者的血脂谱。由于研究不足，无法对患者的血压和血糖水平、健康动机、沟通、相互性、护理人员的自我护理行为、疾病知识、生活质量、自我效能感/护理人员掌握程度和护理人员负担进行荟萃分析。二元干预显示出改善CVD患者饮食的初步证据。需要高质量的二元研究来验证当前的研究结果，评估对其他饮食结果的有效性，并探索有效的干预特征。试验注册：PROSPERO编号：CRD42023473308（https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=473308）。
