伊朗人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者的口腔健康状况及相关因素：一项横断面研究。

Oral health status of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and related factors, Iran: a cross-sectional study.

机构信息

Communicable Diseases Unit, Shohada-e-Enghelab Health Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Sibooye Boulevard, P. O. Box: 7164788363, Shiraz, Iran.

Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Research, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.

出版信息

BMC Oral Health. 2021 Dec 18;21(1):657. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-02002-3.

DOI:10.1186/s12903-021-02002-3

PMID:34922512

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8684636/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major global issue. HIV-infected patients commonly experience oral health problems. This study aimed to assess oral health status of the patients and its related factors in Shiraz, Iran.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, by using simple random sampling, 250 HIV-infected patients were selected from Shiraz Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center in 2019. Patients' decayed, missing, and filled tooth (DMFT) index, plaque index (PI), and community periodontal index (CPI) were determined. Associations between patients' characteristics and the above-mentioned indices were examined by using Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, chi-square, and independent sample T test. The effect of possible confounding factors was controlled by using multiple linear regression and logistic models.

RESULTS

Of the 222 participants, 111 (50%) had 15 or more missing teeth and 79 (35.6%) were edentulous. Their mean (SD) DMFT and PI were 20.71 (10.74) and 1.11 (0.79), respectively. About 40% of them had healthy gingiva. DMFT (p < 0.001), PI (p < 0.001), and CPI (p = 0.002) were significantly worse in men than women. The patients' DMFT and edentulous status were significantly associated with their age (both p < 0.001) and duration of disease (p = 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively). Unemployed patients had the worst DMFT, PI, and CPI (all p < 0.001) and the highest percentage of edentulous individuals (p = 0.003). All examined indices were significantly worse in cigarette smokers, alcoholics, addicts, and patients with a previous history of imprisonment (all p < 0.001). The odds ratio of being edentulous was 5.74 times in addicted patients than in non-addicted ones (p < 0.001). The odds increased 0.11 with every year that the patients' age increased (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression models also showed that the addicted patients had significantly more scores in DMFT index, PI, and CPI (all p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, oral health status of the HIV-infected patients was unsatisfactory. Therefore, effective interventional programs are needed for prevention and early treatment of dental problems among this population, especially for more vulnerable groups such as older men with low socioeconomic status, and those with high-risk behaviors.

摘要

背景

人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）仍然是一个全球性的主要问题。HIV 感染患者通常会出现口腔健康问题。本研究旨在评估伊朗设拉子 HIV 感染患者的口腔健康状况及其相关因素。

方法

在这项横断面研究中，我们采用简单随机抽样的方法，于 2019 年从设拉子自愿咨询和检测中心选取了 250 名 HIV 感染患者。我们确定了患者的龋齿、失牙、补牙（DMFT）指数、菌斑指数（PI）和社区牙周指数（CPI）。我们使用 Pearson 相关、单因素方差分析、卡方检验和独立样本 T 检验来检查患者特征与上述指数之间的关系。我们使用多元线性回归和逻辑模型来控制可能的混杂因素的影响。

结果

在 222 名参与者中，有 111 名（50%）有 15 颗或更多的缺牙，有 79 名（35.6%）无牙。他们的平均（SD）DMFT 和 PI 分别为 20.71（10.74）和 1.11（0.79）。约 40%的患者牙龈健康。男性的 DMFT（p<0.001）、PI（p<0.001）和 CPI（p=0.002）均显著差于女性。患者的 DMFT 和无牙状态与他们的年龄（均 p<0.001）和疾病持续时间（p=0.001 和 p=0.008）显著相关。失业患者的 DMFT、PI 和 CPI 最差（均 p<0.001），无牙人数比例最高（p=0.003）。所有检查的指数在吸烟者、酗酒者、吸毒者和有入狱史的患者中均显著更差（均 p<0.001）。与非吸毒者相比，吸毒者的无牙率高 5.74 倍（p<0.001）。患者年龄每增加 1 岁，无牙的几率增加 0.11（p<0.001）。多元线性回归模型还显示，吸毒患者的 DMFT 指数、PI 和 CPI 评分显著更高（均 p<0.001）。