Khodavirdizadeh Ghahremani Saman, Ghasemi Shayan Ramin, Kia Seyed Javad, Khosousi Sani Sahba, Khodavirdizadeh Ghahremani Gholamreza
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Campus, Guilan, Iran.
Department of Radiology, Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 29;15(1):18931. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03940-6.
HIV-positive patients often experience increased oral and dental health challenges due to compromised immunity, long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), stigma, and discrimination. These factors can lead to reduced access to oral care, delayed treatment, and exacerbation of oral diseases, which may further contribute to disease transmission among close contacts and healthcare providers. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral health issues, evaluate the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, and identify factors associated with poor oral health outcomes among HIV-positive patients in Tabriz, Iran, in 2024. This cross-sectional study included 134 HIV-positive patients referred to a counseling center. Demographic and clinical information was obtained from the counseling center's software. Oral examinations were performed by trained professionals, and a structured questionnaire was completed for each participant after obtaining informed consent. Data on DMFT index and the prevalence of periodontal diseases, mucosal lesions, and other oral health issues were collected and analyzed using SPSS 26 software. Statistical correlations were explored between DMFT index and variables such as smoking, drug use, education level, and CD4 count. Among the 134 participants (96 men and 38 women) with a mean age of 44 years, the average duration of HIV infection was 106 months. The DMFT index averaged 16.7 and was significantly associated with smoking, drug use, education level, and CD4 count (p < 0.05). Periodontal disease was the most prevalent condition (69%), followed by angular cheilitis (17.9%) and aphthous ulcers (16.4%). Mucosal lesions such as candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and cancer had a prevalence of less than 5%. Financial constraints (66%) and stigma or discrimination (27%) were identified as the primary barriers to accessing dental services. A high DMFT index and periodontal disease prevalence were observed. Smoking, drug use, lower education, and CD4 count were significantly associated with worse outcomes (p < 0.05). Financial barriers and stigma hindered access to care. This approach can improve oral health outcomes and reduce barriers to care for this vulnerable population.
由于免疫力受损、长期抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）、耻辱感和歧视，艾滋病毒呈阳性的患者经常面临更多的口腔和牙齿健康挑战。这些因素可能导致口腔护理机会减少、治疗延迟以及口腔疾病恶化，这可能进一步促使疾病在密切接触者和医护人员之间传播。本研究旨在评估2024年伊朗大不里士艾滋病毒呈阳性患者的口腔健康问题患病率，评估龋失补牙（DMFT）指数，并确定与口腔健康不良结果相关的因素。这项横断面研究纳入了134名转诊至咨询中心的艾滋病毒呈阳性患者。人口统计学和临床信息从咨询中心的软件中获取。由经过培训的专业人员进行口腔检查，并在获得知情同意后为每位参与者填写一份结构化问卷。使用SPSS 26软件收集并分析有关DMFT指数以及牙周疾病、黏膜病变和其他口腔健康问题患病率的数据。探讨了DMFT指数与吸烟、吸毒、教育水平和CD4细胞计数等变量之间的统计相关性。在134名参与者（96名男性和38名女性）中，平均年龄为44岁，艾滋病毒感染的平均持续时间为106个月。DMFT指数平均为16.7，并且与吸烟、吸毒、教育水平和CD4细胞计数显著相关（p<0.05）。牙周疾病是最普遍的病症（69%），其次是口角炎（17.9%）和阿弗他溃疡（16.4%）。念珠菌病、毛状白斑和癌症等黏膜病变的患病率低于5%。经济限制（66%）和耻辱感或歧视（27%）被确定为获得牙科服务的主要障碍。观察到DMFT指数和牙周疾病患病率较高。吸烟、吸毒、低教育水平和CD4细胞计数与较差的结果显著相关（p<0.05）。经济障碍和耻辱感阻碍了获得护理。这种方法可以改善口腔健康结果并减少这一弱势群体获得护理的障碍。
