Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
BMC Psychol. 2021 Dec 20;9(1):199. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00702-7.
We examine the role of learning-family conflicts for the relation between commuting strain and health in a sample of medical university students. The first goal of the study was to investigate the mediating role of learning-family conflicts. The second goal was to extend the temporal view on relations between study variables. Therefore, we differentiated long-term systematic change among variables over a period of two-years from a dynamic perspective with repeated commuting events on the individual level of analyses.
We applied a multilevel research design and collected survey data from 128 medical students on three points in time (N = 339 measurement points). Participants informed about commuting strain, learning-family conflicts, somatic symptoms, as well as commuting distance and time.
Bayesian multilevel analyses showed that results differed with regard to level of analysis: while learning-family conflicts mediated the relation between commuting strain and somatic symptoms on a systematic aggregation-level perspective of analysis (indirect effect estimate = 0.13, SE = .05, 95% CI [0.05; ∞), Evidence Ratio = 250.57), this was not the case on the dynamic event perspective (indirect effect estimate = 0.00, SE = 0.00, 95% CI [- 0.01; ∞), Evidence Ratio = 0.84).
We demonstrated that learning-family conflicts explain why commuting may have unfavorable effects on health for medical students. We also showed that it is the long-term commuting experience that is related to health complaints and not the single commuting event. This means that short-term deviations from general levels of commuting strain do not cause somatic symptoms, but general high levels of commuting strain do instead.
我们研究了学习与家庭冲突在医科大学生群体中对通勤压力与健康之间关系的作用。研究的首要目标是调查学习与家庭冲突的中介作用。其次，我们从动态角度出发，通过个体层面上的通勤事件来扩展对变量之间关系的时间性观点，将变量之间的长期系统变化与短期变化区分开来。
我们采用多层次研究设计，在三个时间点从 128 名医学生那里收集了调查数据（N=339 个测量点）。参与者报告了通勤压力、学习与家庭冲突、躯体症状以及通勤距离和时间。
贝叶斯多层次分析表明，分析结果因分析层次而异：虽然学习与家庭冲突在系统聚合层面上的分析中（间接效应估计值=0.13，SE=0.05，95%CI[0.05;∞），中介了通勤压力与躯体症状之间的关系，但在动态事件层面上则不然（间接效应估计值=0.00，SE=0.00，95%CI[-0.01;∞），证据比率=0.84）。
我们证明了学习与家庭冲突解释了为什么通勤对医学生的健康可能有不利影响。我们还表明，是长期的通勤经历与健康问题相关，而不是单次的通勤事件。这意味着，短期的通勤压力偏离一般水平不会导致躯体症状，而是长期的高通勤压力水平会导致躯体症状。
