Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Orthodontic Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
J Orofac Orthop. 2022 Oct;83(Suppl 1):56-64. doi: 10.1007/s00056-021-00368-1. Epub 2021 Dec 22.
It is well documented that the mandible does not grow at a constant rate. There are significant correlations between the increase of mandibular size and cervical vertebral maturation. The peak growth velocity of the mandible occurs after the third stage of cervical vertebral maturation. The location of the mandibular foramen (MF) and its changes subsequent to growth are of great interest to clinicians as they relate to the anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve and to mandibular surgical procedures. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the influence of the mandibular growth spurt on the location of the MF in various skeletal growth patterns.
Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 98 (32 orthognathic, 50 retrognathic, 16 prognathic) patients before and after the growth peak were collected. For each subject, the maturational stage of the cervical vertebrae was defined on successive lateral cephalograms and the vertical and horizontal position of the MF was evaluated on two panoramic radiographs, one before and one after the growth peak.
The MF-Post/MF-Ant ratio (MF distance to the posterior border of the ramus/MF distance to the anterior border of the ramus) significantly increased after the growth peak in orthognathic and retrognathic subjects (P = 0.015 and 0.02, respectively). This ratio did not significantly increase in prognathic subjects (P = 0.882). No statistically significant changes in the vertical position of the MF were found in the three groups after the growth spurt.
The horizontal position of the MF moves in an anterior direction in orthognathic and retrognathic subjects during the mandibular growth spurt. The vertical position of the mandibular foramen remains unchanged during this period.
已有大量文献证明下颌骨并非以恒定速率生长。下颌骨大小的增加与颈椎成熟度之间存在显著相关性。下颌骨的生长高峰出现在颈椎成熟度的第三阶段之后。下颌孔（MF）的位置及其在生长后的变化对临床医生非常重要，因为它们与下牙槽神经麻醉和下颌手术有关。因此，本研究旨在评估下颌骨生长突增对不同骨骼生长模式下 MF 位置的影响。
收集了 98 名（32 名正颌、50 名反颌、16 名前突）患者在生长高峰前后的全景和侧位头颅侧位片。对于每个患者，颈椎的成熟阶段在连续的头颅侧位片上定义，MF 的垂直和水平位置在两张全景片上进行评估，一张在生长高峰前，一张在生长高峰后。
在正颌和反颌患者中，MF 后/MF 前比（MF 到下颌支后缘的距离/MF 到下颌支前缘的距离）在生长高峰后显著增加（P=0.015 和 0.02）。在前突患者中，该比值无显著增加（P=0.882）。在生长突增后，三组患者 MF 的垂直位置均无统计学意义上的变化。
在正颌和反颌患者的下颌骨生长突增期间，MF 的水平位置向前移动。在此期间，下颌孔的垂直位置保持不变。
