Psychosocial outcome one year after heart surgery. A prospective study.

Ninety-nine of 118 patients receiving cardiac valve replacements (n = 55) or coronary artery bypass grafts (n = 44) were studied before surgery and again one year after surgery. Psychological, social, and physical variables were assessed. For the 19 subjects not returning for follow-up, medical data collected by their general practitioner were available. The physical results of surgery were good, with over 90% of the patients showing improvement. Mean scores for psychological distress and quality of life improved; however, a bad psychosocial adjustment was present in about 25% of patients at follow-up. Bad psychosocial adjustment was not correlated with surgical results. The preoperative variables most predictive of poor psychosocial outcome were high scores in the general hypochondriasis and irritability subscales of the illness Behaviour Questionnaire, bad psychological adjustment characterized by high anxiety, depression, and global scores on the Symptom Distress Checklist, and ischemic rather than valvular heart disease.