Mendonça Kelminda Maria Bulhões, Andrade Tarcisio Matos de
Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2015 Sep-Oct;30(5):544-51. doi: 10.5935/1678-9741.20150060.
The diagnosis of coronary artery disease referred for heart surgery has an important psychological component. The purpose of this study was to access the difficulties experienced by individuals awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting and to determine strategies that facilitate adaptation to a new lifestyle, modified by the disease.
A qualitative, exploratory study involving patients admitted to a university teaching hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting. Semi-structured interviews were performed in accordance with a previously defined script based on the study objective. Each transcription was read in its entirety to verify the representativeness, homogeneity and pertinence of the data obtained (pre-analysis), followed by separation of categories of analysis.
The descriptions of this study show that patients admitted to the completion of coronary artery bypass grafting experience a wide range of psychological difficulties, considering that surgery acquires interpretations that vary according to individuals' subjectivity. The patients recognized the benefit of being able to discuss their feelings as a means of diminishing their fear and anxiety.
Helping patients find resources to confront more positively the daily hospitalization is an important aspect for the health care professionals who assist them. This goal can be achieved through modification of the biomedical model of care for a biopsychosocial view. The investment of time and attention is of fundamental importance and aims to overcome existing deficiencies that interfere with the outcome of patients after cardiac surgery.
因心脏手术而接受冠状动脉疾病诊断具有重要的心理因素。本研究的目的是了解等待冠状动脉搭桥手术的个体所经历的困难，并确定有助于适应因疾病而改变的新生活方式的策略。
一项定性的探索性研究，涉及巴西巴伊亚州萨尔瓦多市一家大学教学医院收治的等待冠状动脉搭桥手术的患者。根据基于研究目的预先定义的脚本进行半结构化访谈。对每份转录内容进行全文阅读，以验证所获数据的代表性、同质性和相关性（预分析），随后进行分析类别划分。
本研究的描述表明，考虑到手术因个体主观性而有不同解读，接受冠状动脉搭桥手术的患者会经历广泛的心理困难。患者认识到能够讨论自己的感受作为减轻恐惧和焦虑的一种方式的益处。
帮助患者找到更积极应对日常住院生活的方法，对于协助他们的医护人员来说是一个重要方面。这一目标可通过将生物医学护理模式转变为生物心理社会视角来实现。投入时间和精力至关重要，旨在克服现有缺陷，这些缺陷会干扰心脏手术后患者的预后。
