Motivans Švara Elena, Ştefan Valentin, Sossai Esther, Feldmann Reinart, Aguilon Dianne Joy, Bontsutsnaja Anna, E-Vojtkó Anna, Kilian Isabel C, Lang Piret, Mõtlep Marilin, Prangel Elisabeth, Viljur Mari-Liis, Knight Tiffany M, Neuenkamp Lena
Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Halle (Saale) Germany.
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Nov 22;11(23):16909-16926. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8325. eCollection 2021 Dec.
In the face of global pollinator decline, extensively managed grasslands play an important role in supporting stable pollinator communities. However, different types of extensive management may promote particular plant species and thus particular functional traits. As the functional traits of flowering plant species (e.g., flower size and shape) in a habitat help determine the identity and frequency of pollinator visitors, they can also influence the structures of plant-pollinator interaction networks (i.e., pollination networks). The aim of this study was to examine how the type of low-intensity traditional management influences plant and pollinator composition, the structure of plant-pollinator interactions, and their mediation by floral and insect functional traits. Specifically, we compared mown wooded meadows to grazed alvar pastures in western Estonia. We found that both management types fostered equal diversity of plants and pollinators, and overlapping, though still distinct, plant and pollinator compositions. Wooded meadow pollination networks had significantly higher connectance and specialization, while alvar pasture networks achieved higher interaction diversity at a standardized sampling of interactions. Pollinators with small body sizes and short proboscis lengths were more specialized in their preference for particular plant species and the specialization of individual pollinators was higher in alvar pastures than in wooded meadows. All in all, the two management types promoted diverse plant and pollinator communities, which enabled the development of equally even and nested pollination networks. The same generalist plant and pollinator species were important for the pollination networks of both wooded meadows and alvar pastures; however, they were complemented by management-specific species, which accounted for differences in network structure. Therefore, the implementation of both management types in the same landscape helps to maintain high species and interaction diversity.
面对全球传粉者数量下降的情况，粗放管理的草原在支持稳定的传粉者群落方面发挥着重要作用。然而，不同类型的粗放管理可能会促进特定植物物种的生长，进而促进特定功能性状的发展。由于栖息地中开花植物物种的功能性状（如花朵大小和形状）有助于确定传粉者访客的身份和频率，它们也会影响植物 - 传粉者相互作用网络（即授粉网络）的结构。本研究的目的是探讨低强度传统管理类型如何影响植物和传粉者的组成、植物 - 传粉者相互作用的结构，以及它们如何通过花卉和昆虫功能性状进行调节。具体而言，我们将爱沙尼亚西部的割草林草甸与放牧的阿尔瓦草原进行了比较。我们发现，两种管理类型都促进了植物和传粉者的平等多样性，以及重叠但仍有区别的植物和传粉者组成。林草甸授粉网络的连通性和专业化程度明显更高，而在标准化的相互作用采样中，阿尔瓦草原网络实现了更高的相互作用多样性。体型小、喙长短的传粉者对特定植物物种的偏好更为专一，而且单个传粉者的专一性在阿尔瓦草原比在林草甸更高。总而言之，这两种管理类型促进了多样化的植物和传粉者群落，从而使得同样均匀且嵌套的授粉网络得以发展。相同的广适性植物和传粉者物种对林草甸和阿尔瓦草原的授粉网络都很重要；然而，它们由特定管理的物种加以补充，这些物种造成了网络结构的差异。因此，在同一景观中实施这两种管理类型有助于维持高物种和相互作用多样性。
