与美国 HIV 女性就业相关的社会经济、心理社会和临床因素：一项相关性研究。
Socioeconomic, Psychosocial, and Clinical Factors Associated With Employment in Women With HIV in the United States: A Correlational Study.
机构信息
Jenni M. Wise, PhD, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Andres Azuero, PhD, is the Director of Statistics, Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Deborah Konkle-Parker, PhD, FNP, FAAN, is a Professor, Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. James L. Raper, PhD, CRNP, JD, FAANP, FAAN, is a Professor, Department of Infectious Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Karen Heaton, PhD, FNP-BC, FAAN, is an Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. David E. Vance, PhD, is a Professor, Acute, Chronic, and Continuing Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. Adaora A. Adimora, MD, MPH, is a Professor, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Gina Wingood, ScD, MPH, is a Professor, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Elizabeth Golub, PhD, MEd, MPH, is a Senior Lecturer, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Susanna Levin, NP, is a Research Clinician, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. Tracey E. Wilson, PhD, is a Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA. Daniel Merenstein, MD, is a Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. Ed Yelin, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. Kathleen M. Weber, RN, MS, BSN, is a Consortium Director, Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Margaret Fischl, MD, FACP, is a Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. Mirjam-Colette Kempf, PhD, MPH, is a Professor, Department of Family, Community and Health Systems, Health Behavior, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
出版信息
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2022;33(1):33-44. doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000297.
Employment is a social determinant of health, and women living with HIV (WLWH) are often underemployed. This correlational study examined the socioeconomic, psychosocial, and clinical factors associated with employment among WLWH (n = 1,357) and women at risk for HIV (n = 560). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate factors associated with employment status. Employment was associated (p ≤ .05) with better socioeconomic status and quality of life (QOL), less tobacco and substance use, and better physical, psychological, and cognitive health. Among WLWH, employment was associated (p ≤ .05) with improved adherence to HIV care visits and HIV RNA viral suppression. Using multivariable regression modeling, differences were found between WLWH and women at risk for HIV. Among WLWH, household income, QOL, education, and time providing childcare remained associated with employment in adjusted multivariable analyses (R2 = .272, p < .001). A better understanding of the psychosocial and structural factors affecting employment is needed to reduce occupational disparities among WLWH.
就业是健康的社会决定因素，而感染艾滋病毒的妇女（WLWH）往往就业不足。这项相关性研究调查了与 WLWH（n=1357）和艾滋病毒风险女性（n=560）就业相关的社会经济、心理社会和临床因素。描述性和推断性统计数据用于评估与就业状况相关的因素。就业与更好的社会经济地位和生活质量（QOL）、较少的烟草和物质使用以及更好的身体、心理和认知健康相关（p≤.05）。在 WLWH 中，就业与更好地坚持 HIV 护理就诊和 HIV RNA 病毒抑制相关（p≤.05）。使用多变量回归模型，在 WLWH 和 HIV 风险女性之间发现了差异。在 WLWH 中，家庭收入、QOL、教育和照顾儿童的时间在调整后的多变量分析中与就业相关（R2=.272，p<.001）。需要更好地了解影响就业的心理社会和结构因素，以减少 WLWH 中的职业差异。
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