ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
Mar Drugs. 2021 Nov 27;19(12):675. doi: 10.3390/md19120675.
Lipids are one of the primary metabolites of microalgae and cyanobacteria, which enrich their utility in the pharmaceutical, feed, cosmetic, and chemistry sectors. This work describes the isolation, structural elucidation, and the antibiotic and antibiofilm activities of diverse lipids produced by different microalgae and cyanobacteria strains from two European collections (ACOI and LEGE-CC). Three microalgae strains and one cyanobacteria strain were selected for their antibacterial and/or antibiofilm activity after the screening of about 600 strains carried out under the NoMorFilm European project. The total organic extracts were firstly fractionated using solid phase extraction methods, and the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration against an array of human pathogens were determined. The isolation was carried out by bioassay-guided HPLC-DAD purification, and the structure of the isolated molecules responsible for the observed activities was determined by HPLC-HRESIMS and NMR methods. Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol, α-linolenic acid, hexadeca-4,7,10,13-tetraenoic acid (HDTA), palmitoleic acid, and lysophosphatidylcholine were found among the different active sub-fractions selected. In conclusion, cyanobacteria and microalgae produce a great variety of lipids with antibiotic and antibiofilm activity against the most important pathogens causing severe infections in humans. The use of these lipids in clinical treatments alone or in combination with antibiotics may provide an alternative to the current treatments.
脂质是微藻和蓝藻的主要代谢产物之一，这丰富了它们在制药、饲料、化妆品和化学领域的应用。本工作描述了从两个欧洲培养物（ACOI 和 LEGE-CC）的不同微藻和蓝藻菌株中分离、结构阐明以及各种脂质的抗生素和抗生物膜活性。在欧洲 NoMorFilm 项目进行的约 600 株菌株筛选后，根据其抗菌和/或抗生物膜活性选择了三种微藻菌株和一种蓝藻菌株。首先使用固相萃取方法对总有机提取物进行分级，然后测定对一系列人类病原体的最小抑菌浓度和最小生物膜抑制浓度。通过生物测定指导的 HPLC-DAD 纯化进行分离，负责观察到的活性的分离分子的结构通过 HPLC-HRESIMS 和 NMR 方法确定。在所选择的不同活性亚级分中发现了磺基奎诺糖二酰甘油、单半乳糖单酰甘油、磺基奎诺糖单酰甘油、α-亚麻酸、十六碳-4,7,10,13-四烯酸 (HDTA)、棕榈油酸和溶血磷脂酰胆碱。总之，蓝藻和微藻产生了多种具有抗生素和抗生物膜活性的脂质，可对抗引起人类严重感染的最重要病原体。这些脂质单独或与抗生素联合用于临床治疗可能为当前治疗方法提供替代方案。
