Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
Cells. 2021 Nov 23;10(12):3278. doi: 10.3390/cells10123278.
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are currently one of the most extensively researched fields due to their promising opportunity for use in regenerative medicine. There are many sources of MSCs, of which cells of perinatal origin appear to be an invaluable pool. Compared to embryonic stem cells, they are devoid of ethical conflicts because they are derived from tissues surrounding the fetus and can be safely recovered from medical waste after delivery. Additionally, perinatal MSCs exhibit better self-renewal and differentiation properties than those derived from adult tissues. It is important to consider the anatomy of perinatal tissues and the general description of MSCs, including their isolation, differentiation, and characterization of different types of perinatal MSCs from both animals and humans (placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid). Ultimately, signaling pathways are essential to consider regarding the clinical applications of MSCs. It is important to consider the origin of these cells, referring to the anatomical structure of the organs of origin, when describing the general and specific characteristics of the different types of MSCs as well as the pathways involved in differentiation.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是目前研究最广泛的领域之一，因为它们在再生医学中有很大的应用潜力。MSCs 有很多来源，其中来自围产期的细胞似乎是一个非常有价值的来源。与胚胎干细胞相比，它们没有伦理冲突，因为它们是从胎儿周围的组织中提取的，可以在分娩后从医疗废物中安全回收。此外，围产期 MSCs 比来自成人组织的 MSCs 具有更好的自我更新和分化特性。重要的是要考虑围产期组织的解剖结构和 MSCs 的一般描述，包括从动物和人类（胎盘、脐带、羊水）中分离、分化和鉴定不同类型围产期 MSCs 的特征。最终，在考虑 MSCs 的临床应用时，信号通路是至关重要的。在描述不同类型 MSCs 的一般和特定特征以及分化涉及的途径时，必须考虑这些细胞的起源，即起源器官的解剖结构。
