Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Mol Biol Rep. 2020 Mar;47(3):2381-2389. doi: 10.1007/s11033-020-05298-6. Epub 2020 Feb 6.
The broad clinical applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in the regenerative medicine field is attributed to their ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cellular lineages. Nowadays, MSCs can be derived from a variety of adult and fetal tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord and placenta. The difficulties associated with the isolation of MSCs from certain tissues such as bone marrow promoted the search for alternative tissues which are easily accessible. Oral derived MSCs include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPC), and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC). Being abundant and easily accessible, oral derived MSCs represent an interesting alternative MSC type to be employed in regenerative medicine. Human periapical cyst-mesenchymal stem cells (hPCy-MSCs) correspond to a newly discovered and characterized MSC subtype. Interestingly, hPCy-MSCs are collected from periapical cysts, which are a biological waste, without any influence on the other healthy tissues in oral cavity. hPCy-MSCs exhibit cell surface marker profile similar to that of other oral derived MSCs, show high proliferative potency, and possess the potential to differentiate into different cell types such as osteoblasts, adipocytes and neurons-like cells. hPCy-MSCs, therefore, represent a novel promising MSCs type to be applied in regenerative medicine domain. In this review, we will compare the different types of dental derived MSCs, we will highlight the isolation technique, the characteristics, and the therapeutic potential of hPCy-MSCs.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）在再生医学领域的广泛临床应用归因于其自我更新和分化为多种细胞谱系的能力。如今，MSCs 可从多种成人和胎儿组织中获得，包括骨髓、脂肪组织、脐带和胎盘。从某些组织（如骨髓）分离 MSCs 存在困难，这促使人们寻找其他容易获得的替代组织。口腔来源的间充质干细胞包括牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）、牙囊祖细胞（DFPC）和牙周膜干细胞（PDLSC）。口腔来源的间充质干细胞丰富且易于获取，代表了一种在再生医学中应用的有趣的替代 MSC 类型。人根尖囊肿间充质干细胞（hPCy-MSCs）是一种新发现和特征明确的 MSC 亚型。有趣的是，hPCy-MSCs 是从根尖囊肿中收集的，根尖囊肿是一种生物废物，不会对口腔内的其他健康组织产生任何影响。hPCy-MSCs 具有与其他口腔来源的 MSCs 相似的细胞表面标志物特征，表现出高增殖潜能，并具有分化为不同细胞类型的潜力，如成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和神经元样细胞。因此，hPCy-MSCs 代表了一种新型有前途的 MSC 类型，可应用于再生医学领域。在这篇综述中，我们将比较不同类型的牙齿来源的间充质干细胞，强调 hPCy-MSCs 的分离技术、特性和治疗潜力。
