Martano Marina, Buracco Paolo, Morello Emanuela Maria
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Dec 2;11(12):3444. doi: 10.3390/ani11123444.
Thymoma is a tumor rarely reported in dogs and should be differentiated from mediastinal lymphoma. Clinical signs may have a late onset, and thymoma is often diagnosed when symptoms related to the space-occupying effect or paraneoplastic syndromes occur. CT and fine-needle aspirates or core biopsies are helpful in differential diagnosis, but flow cytometry may improve the pre-operative diagnostic ability. Concurrent paraneoplastic syndromes such as and hypercalcemia have been reported; however, their role as prognostic factors is not well determined. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice; adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may prolong survival in cases of incomplete excision or when a thymic carcinoma is diagnosed. Local recurrence and metastasis are infrequently reported; therefore, a long survival time is expected if the tumor is completely excised or if adjuvant therapy is undertaken. This article reports the authors' experience with 28 dogs affected by 18 thymomas and 10 thymic carcinomas. The median overall survival in this series was 1173 days, and the median disease-free interval was 903 days. Dogs with thymic carcinoma had significantly shorter disease-free intervals and shorter, although not statistically significant, survival times. Dogs with Masaoka Stage III tumors had worse outcomes.
胸腺瘤是一种在犬类中很少报道的肿瘤，应与纵隔淋巴瘤相鉴别。临床症状可能出现较晚，胸腺瘤常在出现与占位效应或副肿瘤综合征相关的症状时被诊断出来。CT以及细针穿刺抽吸或粗针活检有助于鉴别诊断，但流式细胞术可能会提高术前诊断能力。已报道存在如高钙血症等并发副肿瘤综合征；然而，它们作为预后因素的作用尚未完全明确。手术切除是首选治疗方法；对于切除不完全或诊断为胸腺癌的病例，辅助放疗和/或化疗可能会延长生存期。局部复发和转移很少报道；因此，如果肿瘤完全切除或进行辅助治疗，预期生存期较长。本文报告了作者对28只患有18例胸腺瘤和10例胸腺癌犬的经验。该系列的中位总生存期为1173天，中位无病生存期为903天。患有胸腺癌的犬无病生存期明显较短，生存期也较短，尽管无统计学意义。处于Masaoka III期肿瘤的犬预后较差。
