Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
Biomolecules. 2021 Dec 8;11(12):1847. doi: 10.3390/biom11121847.
Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is a rare and one of the most aggressive types of malignancies, often associated with a poor prognosis and survival. It is a highly metastatic cancer and is often not diagnosed at the initial stages, which contributes to a poor survival rate of patients. The poor diagnosis and chemoresistance associated with the disease limit the scope of the currently available surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities. Thus, there is a need to explore novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers that will help relieve the severity of the disease and lead to advanced therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidence has correlated the atypical expression of various noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including circular RNAs (circRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) with the increased cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration, metastasis, chemoresistance, and decreased apoptosis in GBC. Numerous reports have indicated that the dysregulated expression of ncRNAs is associated with poor prognosis and lower disease-free and overall survival in GBC patients. These reports suggest that ncRNAs might be considered novel diagnostic and prognostic markers for the management of GBC. The present review recapitulates the association of various ncRNAs in the initiation and progression of GBC and the development of novel therapeutic strategies by exploring their functional and regulatory role.
胆囊癌（GBC）是一种罕见且最具侵袭性的恶性肿瘤之一，通常与预后不良和生存率低有关。它是一种高度转移性的癌症，通常在初始阶段无法诊断，这导致患者的生存率较低。该疾病的诊断不良和化疗耐药性限制了当前可用的手术和非手术治疗方法的范围。因此，需要探索新的治疗靶点和生物标志物，以帮助缓解疾病的严重程度并导致先进的治疗策略。越来越多的证据表明，各种非编码 RNA（ncRNA）的非典型表达，包括环状 RNA（circRNA）、长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）、微小 RNA（miRNA）和核仁小 RNA（snoRNA），与胆囊癌细胞增殖、上皮-间充质转化（EMT）、侵袭、迁移、转移、化疗耐药性增加以及胆囊癌细胞凋亡减少有关。许多报道表明，ncRNA 的失调表达与胆囊癌患者的预后不良、无病生存期和总生存期降低有关。这些报道表明，ncRNA 可能被认为是胆囊癌管理的新型诊断和预后标志物。本综述通过探讨各种 ncRNA 在胆囊癌发生和发展中的功能和调节作用，概述了它们在胆囊癌发生和进展中的关联，并探讨了新的治疗策略的发展。
