Khandelwal Akanksha, Malhotra Akshay, Jain Manju, Vasquez Karen M, Jain Aklank
Centre for Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India; Centre for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, HP, India.
Biochimie. 2017 Jan;132:152-160. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.11.007. Epub 2016 Nov 25.
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common and aggressive form of biliary tract carcinoma with an alarmingly low 5-year survival rate. Despite its high mortality rate, the underlying mechanisms of GBC pathogenesis are not completely understood. Recently, from a growing volume of literature, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression and appear to play vital roles in many human cancers. To date, a number of lncRNAs have been implicated in GBC, but their potential roles in GBC have not been systematically examined. Thus, in this review, we critically discuss the emerging roles of lncRNAs in GBC, and the pathways involved. Specifically, we note that some lncRNAs show greater expression in T1 and T2 tumor stages compared to T3 and T4 tumor stages and that their dysregulation leads to alterations in cell cycle progression and can cause an increase in GBC cell proliferation or apoptosis. In addition, some lncRNAs control the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, while others take part in the regulation of ERK/MAPK and Ras cancer-associated signaling pathways. We also present their potential utility in diagnosis, prognosis, and/or treatment of GBC. The overall goal of this review is to stimulate interest in the role of lncRNAs in GBC, which may open new avenues in the determination of GBC pathogenesis and may lead to the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for GBC.
胆囊癌（GBC）是最常见且侵袭性最强的胆道癌形式，其5年生存率低得惊人。尽管死亡率很高，但GBC发病的潜在机制尚未完全明确。最近，从越来越多的文献中可知，长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）已成为基因表达的关键调节因子，并且似乎在许多人类癌症中发挥着至关重要的作用。迄今为止，已有多种lncRNAs与GBC相关，但它们在GBC中的潜在作用尚未得到系统研究。因此，在本综述中，我们批判性地讨论了lncRNAs在GBC中的新作用以及相关途径。具体而言，我们注意到一些lncRNAs在T1和T2肿瘤阶段的表达高于T3和T4肿瘤阶段，其失调会导致细胞周期进程改变，并可能导致GBC细胞增殖或凋亡增加。此外，一些lncRNAs控制上皮-间质转化过程，而其他一些则参与ERK/MAPK和Ras癌症相关信号通路的调节。我们还介绍了它们在GBC诊断、预后和/或治疗中的潜在用途。本综述的总体目标是激发人们对lncRNAs在GBC中作用的兴趣，这可能为确定GBC发病机制开辟新途径，并可能导致开发新的GBC预防和治疗策略。
