Vlachos Nikolaos, Lampros Marios, Voulgaris Spyridon, Alexiou George A
Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, St. Niarhou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
Biomedicines. 2021 Nov 28;9(12):1785. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9121785.
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with approximately 19 million new cases each year. Lately, several novel chemotherapeutic drugs have been introduced, efficiently inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation. However, developing a new drug is a time- and money-consuming process, requiring around 1 billion dollars and nearly ten years, with only a minority of the initially effective anti-cancer drugs experimentally finally being efficient in human clinical trials. Drug repurposing for cancer treatment is an optimal alternative as the safety of these drugs has been previously tested, and thus, in case of successful preclinical studies, can be introduced faster and with a lower cost into phase 3 clinical trials. Antipsychotic drugs are associated with anti-cancer properties and, lately, there has been an increasing interest in their role in cancer treatment. In the present review, we discussed in detail the in-vitro and in-vivo properties of the most common typical and atypical antipsychotics, along with their mechanism of action.
癌症是全球主要的死亡原因之一，每年约有1900万新发病例。最近，几种新型化疗药物已被引入，能有效抑制肿瘤生长和增殖。然而，开发一种新药是一个耗时且耗费资金的过程，大约需要10亿美元和近十年时间，最初有效的抗癌药物中只有少数最终在人体临床试验中证明有效。将药物重新用于癌症治疗是一种理想的选择，因为这些药物的安全性此前已得到测试，因此，如果临床前研究成功，可以更快、以更低成本进入3期临床试验。抗精神病药物具有抗癌特性，最近，人们对其在癌症治疗中的作用越来越感兴趣。在本综述中，我们详细讨论了最常见的典型和非典型抗精神病药物的体外和体内特性及其作用机制。
