Pezzotti Giuseppe, Zhu Wenliang, Hashimoto Yuuki, Marin Elia, Masumura Takehiro, Sato Yo-Ichiro, Nakazaki Tetsuya
Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
Foods. 2021 Nov 29;10(12):2936. doi: 10.3390/foods10122936.
Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterize at the molecular scale the nutritional quality of the Japanese Koshihikari rice cultivar in comparison with other renowned rice cultivars including Carnaroli from Italy, Calrose from the USA, Jasmine rice from Thailand, and Basmati from both India and Pakistan. For comparison, two glutinous (mochigome) cultivars were also investigated. Calibrated and validated Raman analytical algorithms allowed quantitative determinations of: (i) amylopectin and amylose concentrations, (ii) fractions of aromatic amino acids, and (iii) protein content and secondary structure. The Raman assessments non-destructively linked the molecular composition of grains to key nutritional parameters and revealed a complex intertwine of chemical properties. The Koshihikari cultivar was rich in proteins (but with low statistical relevance as compared to other investigated cultivars) and aromatic amino acids. However, it also induced a clearly higher glycemic impact as compared to long-grain cultivars from Asian countries. Complementary to genomics and wet-chemistry analyses, Raman spectroscopy makes non-destructively available factual and data-driven information on rice nutritional characteristics, thus providing customers, dietitian nutritionists, and producers with a solid science-consolidated platform.
拉曼光谱法被用于在分子尺度上表征日本越光水稻品种的营养品质，并与其他著名水稻品种进行比较，这些品种包括来自意大利的卡纳罗利、来自美国的加州玫瑰米、来自泰国的香米以及来自印度和巴基斯坦的巴斯马蒂香米。作为对比，还研究了两个糯米（糯稻）品种。经过校准和验证的拉曼分析算法能够对以下内容进行定量测定：（i）支链淀粉和直链淀粉浓度，（ii）芳香族氨基酸的比例，以及（iii）蛋白质含量和二级结构。拉曼评估将谷物的分子组成与关键营养参数进行了无损关联，并揭示了化学性质的复杂交织。越光品种富含蛋白质（但与其他研究品种相比，统计学相关性较低）和芳香族氨基酸。然而，与亚洲国家的长粒品种相比，它也会产生明显更高的血糖影响。作为基因组学和湿化学分析的补充，拉曼光谱法能够无损地提供有关水稻营养特性的事实和数据驱动信息，从而为消费者、营养师和生产者提供一个坚实的、基于科学的综合平台。
