Epidermal growth factor-induced precocious incisor eruption is associated with decreased tooth size.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) causes precocious eruption of incisors in vivo and is mitogenic for tooth-derived cells in vitro. These two observations lead to the hypothesis that the EGF-induced precocious eruption is the result of an increase in the size of the incisor. To test this hypothesis, neonatal mice were injected daily with various doses of EGF and, seven days after birth, were perfused with fixative. EGF causes a retardation of overall growth (as measured by body weight) and a dose-dependent thickening of the epidermis. The incisors were examined in midsagittal histological sections and in X-ray microradiographs. Contrary to our expectations, EGF causes a dose-dependent decrease in the size of the incisors. This result suggests that the stimulation of the growth of odontogenic cells seen in tissue culture is not part of the physiological response to EGF in vivo and that EGF-induced precocious eruption of incisors is not due to an increase in the growth rate of the tooth.