Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 7;18(24):12879. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182412879.
Earplugs can reduce the risk of hearing loss and tinnitus. However, earplug use during noisy recreational activities is uncommon, and methods for increasing uptake and regular use have had limited efficacy. The aim of the present study was to examine barriers and enablers of ever-performers (e.g., people who have used earplugs) and never-performers (e.g., people who have not used earplugs) to identify targets to inform the content of interventions to increase uptake and regular use of earplugs in recreational settings. The Capabilities, Opportunities, and Motivations model of Behaviour (COM-B) informed the outline for 20 semi-structured telephone interviews (ever-performers, = 8, age range = 20-45 years; never-performers, = 12; age range = 20-50 years). Thematic analysis was used to identify barriers and enablers to earplug use, which were mapped onto the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Six key domains of the TDF were identified. Ever-performers described being more exposed to '' (e.g., facilitators such as friends/peers) and were more positive than never-performers concerning '' (e.g., earplug protection outweighs any negative effects on listening/communication). Involvement of '' (e.g., fear of losing ability to listen to music) and '' tactics (e.g., creating habits/routines) were discussed by ever-performers, but were not mentioned by never-performers. Both groups reported lack of '' (e.g., prompts and cues), and their own '' (e.g., deciding when to use earplugs) as barriers to earplug use. The present research identifies the variables that would need to change in order to increase earplug uptake and use in recreational settings among ever-performers and never-performers. Further work is required to translate these findings into testable interventions by selecting appropriate intervention functions (e.g., ), policy categories (e.g., ), behaviour change techniques (e.g., ), and mode of delivery (e.g., ).
耳塞可以降低听力损失和耳鸣的风险。然而，在嘈杂的娱乐活动中使用耳塞并不常见，并且提高耳塞使用率和常规使用的方法效果有限。本研究的目的是检查经常使用者（例如，使用过耳塞的人）和从不使用者（例如，从未使用过耳塞的人）的障碍和促进因素，以确定目标，为增加娱乐场所耳塞使用率和常规使用的干预措施提供信息。行为能力、机会和动机模型（COM-B）为 20 次半结构化电话访谈（经常使用者 = 8 人，年龄范围为 20-45 岁；从不使用者 = 12 人，年龄范围为 20-50 岁）的大纲提供了信息。使用主题分析来确定耳塞使用的障碍和促进因素，并将其映射到理论领域框架（TDF）上。确定了 TDF 的六个关键领域。经常使用者描述了他们更多地接触到“社交环境”（例如，朋友/同伴等促进因素），并且比从不使用者更积极地看待“耳塞保护超过对听力/交流的任何负面影响”。经常使用者讨论了“个人因素”（例如，担心失去听力能力）和“行为策略”（例如，养成习惯/常规），而从不使用者则没有提到这些因素。两组都报告缺乏“自我效能”（例如，提示和线索），以及缺乏“动机”（例如，决定何时使用耳塞）是耳塞使用的障碍。本研究确定了在经常使用者和从不使用者中增加娱乐场所耳塞使用率和使用率所需改变的变量。需要进一步的工作将这些发现转化为可测试的干预措施，方法是选择适当的干预功能（例如，）、政策类别（例如，）、行为改变技术（例如，）和交付模式（例如，）。
