Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economic and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
Wuhan Planning and Design Company, Wuhan 430014, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 19;18(24):13379. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413379.
In the field of environmental health risk assessment and management research, heavy metals in soil are a constant focus, largely because of mining and metallurgical activities, and other manufacturing or producing. However, systematic vulnerability, and combined research of social and physical vulnerability of the crowd, have received less attention in the research literature of environmental health risk assessment. For this reason, tentative design modelling for comprehensive environmental health vulnerability, which includes the index of physical and social vulnerability, was conducted here. On the basis of experimental data of heavy-metal pollution in soil and vegetables, and population and societal survey data in Daye, China, the physical, social, and comprehensive environmental health vulnerabilities of the area were analyzed, with each village as an evaluation unit. First, the polluted and reference areas were selected. Random sampling sites were distributed in the farmland of the villages in these two areas, with two sampling sites per village. Then, 204 vegetable samples were directly collected from the farmland from which the soil samples had been collected, composed of seven kinds of vegetables: cowpea, water spinach, amaranth, sweet potato leaves, tomato, eggplant, and pepper. Moreover, 400 questionnaires were given to the local residents in these corresponding villages, and 389 valid responses were obtained. The results indicated that (1) the average physical vulnerability values of the population in the polluted and reference areas were 3.99 and 1.00, respectively; (2) the village of Weiwang (WW) had the highest physical vulnerability of 8.55; (3) vegetable intake is exposure that should be paid more attention, as it contributes more than 90% to physical vulnerability among the exposure pathways; (4) arsenic and cadmium should be the priority pollutants, with average physical vulnerability value contributions of 63.9% and 17.0%, respectively; (5) according to the social vulnerability assessment, the village of Luoqiao (LQ) had the highest social vulnerability (0.77); (6) for comprehensive environmental health vulnerability, five villages near mining activities and two villages far from mine-affected area had high physical and social vulnerability, and are the urgent areas for environmental risk management. In order to promote environmental risk management, it is necessary to prioritize identifying vulnerable populations in the village-scale dimension as an innovative discovery.
在环境健康风险评估和管理研究领域，土壤中的重金属一直是研究的重点，这主要是由于采矿和冶金活动以及其他制造或生产活动。然而，人群的系统脆弱性以及社会和物理脆弱性的综合研究在环境健康风险评估的研究文献中受到的关注较少。出于这个原因，我们在这里尝试设计了一个包含物理和社会脆弱性指标的综合环境健康脆弱性模型。基于中国大冶市土壤和蔬菜重金属污染的实验数据以及人口和社会调查数据，我们以每个村庄为评估单元，分析了该地区的物理、社会和综合环境健康脆弱性。首先，选择了污染区和对照区。在这两个区域的村庄农田中随机分布采样点，每个村庄有两个采样点。然后，从采集土壤样本的农田中直接采集了 204 个蔬菜样本，包括七种蔬菜：豇豆、空心菜、苋菜、番薯叶、番茄、茄子和辣椒。此外，我们向这些对应村庄的当地居民发放了 400 份问卷，共收到 389 份有效回复。结果表明：（1）污染区和对照区人群的平均物理脆弱性值分别为 3.99 和 1.00；（2）魏湾村（WW）的物理脆弱性最高，为 8.55；（3）蔬菜摄入是需要更加关注的暴露途径，因为它对物理脆弱性的贡献超过 90%；（4）砷和镉应该是优先污染物，其平均物理脆弱性值贡献分别为 63.9%和 17.0%；（5）根据社会脆弱性评估，罗桥村（LQ）的社会脆弱性最高（0.77）；（6）对于综合环境健康脆弱性，靠近采矿活动的五个村庄和两个远离矿区的村庄具有高物理和社会脆弱性，是环境风险管理的紧急区域。为了促进环境风险管理，有必要优先确定作为创新发现的村庄尺度上的脆弱人群。
