Bremer Kåre
Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
Cladistics. 1987 Sep;3(3):210-253. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1987.tb00509.x.
Abstract- A cladistic analysis involving 27 tribes and subtribes of Asteraceae and 81 characters is presented. The terminal taxa are mainly those of present tribal classification, though some apparently poly- and paraphyletic tribes, notably the Mutisieae and the Inuleae, have been represented by sub-tribal taxa. Characters are assembled from all available sources. Corolla types, styles and stamens have provided many characters. The Lobeliaceae are used as an outgroup and are considered as the most probable sister group of the Asteraceae. There is a basal dichotomy in the family, the Mutisieae-Barnadesiinae being the monophyletic sister group of the remaining major, also monophyletic part of the family. The recent family division into two subfamilies about equal in size, the Cichorioideae and the Asteroideae, neither represents a basal dichotomy nor a sister group relationship within the Asteraceae. The Asteroideae are monophyletic and have their sister group within the paraphyletic Cichorioideae. Interrelationships among the cichorioid tribes are still unclear. The Lactuceae, Eremothamneae, Vernonieae and Liabeae may be one monophyletic group, and the Arctoteae, Carlineae, Echinopsideae and Cardueae another. The Mutisieae are a paraphyletic grade at the base of the family. Within the subfamily Asteroideae tribal interrelationships are also rather unclear. The Anthemideae and the Heliantheae sensu lato (including the Helenieae, Tageteae, Coreopsideae and all helenioid/helianthoid representatives sometimes placed in the Senecioneae) may be sister groups. The Heliantheae appear to be monophyletic and there is little support for the hypothesis that other tribes are derived from or have their sister group within the Heliantheae. The Astereae and the Eupatorieae may be sister groups, though a closer relationship between the Eupatorieae and the Heliantheae is possible. The Inuleae are a paraphyletic grade group at the base of the subfamily Asteroideae in the same way as the Mutiseae are a grade group at the base of the family.
摘要——本文呈现了一项涉及菊科27个族和亚族以及81个性状的分支系统学分析。终端分类单元主要是当前族分类中的那些，不过一些明显的多系和并系族，尤其是Mutisieae族和旋覆花族，已由亚族分类单元代表。性状取自所有可用来源。花冠类型、花柱和雄蕊提供了许多性状。桔梗科用作外类群，被认为是菊科最可能的姐妹群。该科存在一个基部二歧分支，Mutisieae族 - Barnadesiinae亚族是其余主要的单系部分（也是该科的单系部分）的单系姐妹群。最近将该科分为两个大小大致相等的亚科，即菊苣亚科和紫菀亚科，既不代表基部二歧分支，也不代表菊科内部的姐妹群关系。紫菀亚科是单系的，其姐妹群在并系的菊苣亚科内。菊苣亚科各族之间的亲缘关系仍不明确。莴苣族、荒漠菊族、斑鸠菊族和Liabeae族可能是一个单系群，而银胶菊族、刺冠菊族、刺苞菊族和蓟族可能是另一个单系群。Mutisieae族是该科基部的一个并系类群。在紫菀亚科内，族间亲缘关系也相当不明确。春黄菊族和广义的向日葵族（包括堆心菊族、万寿菊族、金鸡菊族以及所有有时被置于千里光族中的堆心菊类/向日葵类代表）可能是姐妹群。向日葵族似乎是单系的，几乎没有证据支持其他族源自向日葵族或其姐妹群在向日葵族内的假说。紫菀族和泽兰族可能是姐妹群，不过泽兰族与向日葵族之间存在更密切关系也是有可能的。旋覆花族是紫菀亚科基部的一个并系类群，就如同Mutisieae族是该科基部的一个类群一样。
