Taefehshokr Sina, Parhizkar Aram, Hayati Shima, Mousapour Morteza, Mahmoudpour Amin, Eleid Liliane, Rahmanpour Dara, Fattahi Sahand, Shabani Hadi, Taefehshokr Nima
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Faculty of Natural Science, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
Pathol Res Pract. 2022 Jan;229:153723. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153723. Epub 2021 Nov 28.
Although cancer immunotherapy has taken center stage in mainstream oncology inducing complete and long-lasting tumor regression, only a subset of patients receiving treatment respond and others relapse after an initial response. Different tumor types respond differently, and even in cancer types that respond (hot tumors), we still observe tumors that are unresponsive (cold tumors), suggesting the presence of resistance. Hence, the development of intrinsic or acquired resistance is a big challenge for the cancer immunotherapy field. Resistance to immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, oncolytic viruses, and recombinant cytokines arises due to cancer cells employing several mechanisms to evade immunosurveillance.
尽管癌症免疫疗法在主流肿瘤学中占据核心地位,可诱导肿瘤完全且持久消退,但接受治疗的患者中只有一部分有反应,其他患者在初始反应后会复发。不同肿瘤类型的反应不同,甚至在有反应的癌症类型(热肿瘤)中,我们仍会观察到无反应的肿瘤(冷肿瘤),这表明存在耐药性。因此,内在或获得性耐药的发展是癌症免疫治疗领域面临的一大挑战。对免疫疗法的耐药性,包括对检查点抑制剂、嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)疗法、溶瘤病毒和重组细胞因子的耐药性,是由于癌细胞采用多种机制逃避免疫监视而产生的。