Ma Yubo, Liu Hongli, Xia Xiaoli, Ning Mingxiao, Ji Bairu, Li Yingrui, Li Haolan, Du Jie, Sun Wei, Gu Wei, Meng Qingguo
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering & College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Institution of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-product, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Jan 15;230:113115. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113115. Epub 2021 Dec 22.
Avermectin is widely used in the prevention and treatment of parasites diseases in aquaculture. However, the residual avermectin has a serious impact on the growth and quality of aquatic animals including Eriocheir sinensis. This study shows that the LC of avermectin to E. sinensis for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h was 21.88, 13.40, 9.11 and 7.10 mg/L, respectively. After avermectin stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and phenol oxidase (PO) in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis increased and reached the peak on the 6th day. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated with the increase of exposure time and concentration of avermectin. After 15 days of avermectin exposure, hepatopancreas was damaged seriously. These results indicated that avermectin had toxicity to E. sinensis. In order to solve the pollution problem caused by residual avermectin, a degrading bacterium AVM-2 was separated from the sediment of E. sinensis breeding pond. The strain was confirmed to be Ochrobactrum sp by morphology observation, physiological and biochemical identification and 16 S rDNA sequences analysis. When the pH value was 7, the temperature was 30 ℃, the concentration of substrate was low, the quantity of inoculation was high, Ochrobactrum sp. AVM-2 had better degradation effect on avermectin. When the addition of Ochrobactrum sp. AVM-2 was 2.34 × 10 CFU/L, the residual avermectin in muscle and hepatopancreatine significantly decreased, and the degradation rate was about 66%. In summary, Ochrobactrum sp. AVM-2 could be used to solve the residual problem of avermectin and ensure the food safety of E. sinensis.
阿维菌素广泛应用于水产养殖中寄生虫疾病的防治。然而，残留的阿维菌素对包括中华绒螯蟹在内的水生动物的生长和品质有严重影响。本研究表明，阿维菌素对中华绒螯蟹24、48、72和96小时的半数致死浓度（LC）分别为21.88、13.40、9.11和7.10毫克/升。阿维菌素胁迫后，中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和酚氧化酶（PO）的活性升高，并在第6天达到峰值。丙二醛（MDA）含量随着阿维菌素暴露时间和浓度的增加而积累。阿维菌素暴露15天后，肝胰腺严重受损。这些结果表明阿维菌素对中华绒螯蟹具有毒性。为了解决残留阿维菌素造成的污染问题，从中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘的底泥中分离出一株降解菌AVM-2。通过形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析，确定该菌株为苍白杆菌属。当pH值为7、温度为30℃、底物浓度较低、接种量较高时，苍白杆菌属AVM-2对阿维菌素有较好的降解效果。当添加量为2.34×10 CFU/L时，肌肉和肝胰腺中残留的阿维菌素显著降低，降解率约为66%。综上所述，苍白杆菌属AVM-2可用于解决阿维菌素的残留问题，确保中华绒螯蟹的食品安全。
