Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
Department of Food Science and Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704.
Poult Sci. 2022 Feb;101(2):101409. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101409. Epub 2021 Jul 30.
Salmonella Infantis has been the etiological agent of numerous foodborne outbreaks of nontyphoidal Salmonella. Consequently, there is an emergent need to mitigate Salmonella Infantis among poultry. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) versus peroxyacetic acid (PAA), on bone-in, skin-on chicken thighs for the reduction of Salmonella and changes in the microbiota. Exactly 100 skin-on, bone-in chicken thighs (2 trials, 0 and 24 h, k = 5, n = 5, N = 50) were inoculated with 10 CFU/mL of a nalidixic acid resistant strain of S. Infantis for an attachment of 10 CFU/g. Thighs were treated with 20 s part dips (350 mL): a no inoculum, no treatment control (NINTC); no treatment control (NTC); tap water (TW); TW+CPC; TW+PAA. Following treatment, thighs were rinsed in 150 mL of nBPW, and rinsates were collected. Rinsates were spot plated for Salmonella and aerobic bacteria (APC). Log transformed counts were analyzed using a mixed-effects model (random effect = trial) with means separated using Tukey's HSD (P ≤ 0.05). The genomic DNA of rinsates was extracted, and the 16S rDNA was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq. Microbiota data were analyzed using QIIME2, with data considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 (main effects) and Q≤0.05 (pairwise differences). Treatment × time interactions were observed for both Salmonella and APC (P < 0.05). The treatment of thighs with PAA and CPC reduced Salmonella and APC in respect to the controls. Numerically, thighs treated with CPC had less Salmonella (4.29 logCFU/g) and less APC (4.56 logCFU/g) at 24 h than all other treatments (P > 0.05). Differences in diversity metrics were not consistently observed between treatments; however, in trial 2, the NTC treated thighs were different than those treated with CPC (P < 0.05; Q < 0.05). In both trials, ANCOM, the analysis of microbiome compositional profiles, revealed shifts at both the phylum and order levels with thighs being different in the relative abundances of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). In conclusion, treatment of skin-on poultry parts with CPC may reduce the risk of foodborne outbreaks caused by Salmonella Infantis.
婴儿沙门氏菌一直是多种食源性非伤寒沙门氏菌暴发的病原体。因此，迫切需要减少家禽中的婴儿沙门氏菌。因此，本研究评估了氯化十六烷基吡啶（CPC）与过氧乙酸（PAA）对带骨带皮鸡胸肉的杀菌效果，以减少沙门氏菌和微生物群的变化。用 10 CFU/mL 的耐萘啶酸的婴儿沙门氏菌抗性菌株接种 100 个带皮带骨的鸡胸肉（2 次试验，0 和 24 小时，k = 5，n = 5，N = 50），接种量为 10 CFU/g。用 20 s 部分浸泡（350 mL）处理大腿：无接种物，无处理对照（NINTC）；无处理对照（NTC）；自来水（TW）；TW+CPC；TW+PAA。处理后，将大腿在 150 mL 的 nBPW 中冲洗，收集冲洗液。将冲洗液点样进行沙门氏菌和需氧菌（APC）检测。使用混合效应模型（随机效应=试验）对数转换计数进行分析，并使用 Tukey 的 HSD 进行均值分离（P ≤ 0.05）。从冲洗液中提取基因组 DNA，并在 Illumina MiSeq 上对 16S rDNA 进行测序。使用 QIIME2 分析微生物组数据，在 P ≤ 0.05（主效应）和 Q≤0.05（成对差异）时认为数据有意义。沙门氏菌和 APC 均观察到处理与时间的相互作用（P < 0.05）。用 PAA 和 CPC 处理大腿可减少对照中的沙门氏菌和 APC。从数值上看，与其他处理相比，24 小时时用 CPC 处理的大腿中的沙门氏菌（4.29 logCFU/g）和 APC（4.56 logCFU/g）更少（P > 0.05）。处理之间并未一致观察到多样性指标的差异；然而，在试验 2 中，NTC 处理的大腿与用 CPC 处理的大腿不同（P < 0.05；Q < 0.05）。在两次试验中，基于微生物组组成分布的分析 ANCOM 都表明，在门和目水平上均发生了变化，带皮家禽部位的变形菌门的相对丰度不同（P < 0.05）。总之，用 CPC 处理带皮家禽部位可能会降低由婴儿沙门氏菌引起的食源性暴发的风险。
