College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 15;812:152593. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152593. Epub 2021 Dec 23.
To clarify the spatial patterns of disease burden caused by toxic metals in fine particulate matter (PM) across China, annual concentration levels of typical toxic metals in PM over 60 cities of China were retrieved. Then, potential years of life lost (PYLL) attributable to toxic metal (As, Cd, Cr (VI), Mn, and Ni) exposure was calculated from health risk assessments and lifetable estimates. The results show that Cr(VI) and As were the most polluted metals and greatly exceeded the recommended annual values in the National Ambient Air Quality Standard of China. PYLL for each death (mean ± standard deviation) of 19.8 ± 4.5 years was observed for lung cancer, followed closely by COPD and pneumonia. Furthermore, the PYLL rate (years per 100,000 people) attributable to exposure to these toxic metals was 457 (male: 505, female: 402) years for different cities; therein, Cr(VI) contributed the highest PYLL among these toxic metals, with a proportion of 72.7% (male: 75.3%, female: 69.5%), followed by As of 16.4% (male: 13.8%, female: 19.8%). The concentration level and PYLL both showed large spatial variability, of which the top-ranking cities were observed to be affected by well-developed metal-related industries and coal-powered industrial sectors.
为了阐明细颗粒物（PM）中有毒金属造成的疾病负担的空间模式，本研究检索了中国 60 多个城市中典型有毒金属的年浓度水平。然后，从健康风险评估和生命表估计中计算了有毒金属（砷、镉、六价铬、锰和镍）暴露导致的潜在生命损失（PYLL）。结果表明，六价铬和砷是污染最严重的金属，大大超过了中国《国家环境空气质量标准》中推荐的年值。肺癌导致的每例死亡（平均值±标准差）的 PYLL 为 19.8±4.5 年，紧随其后的是 COPD 和肺炎。此外，这些有毒金属暴露导致的 PYLL 率（每 10 万人年）在不同城市为 457 年（男性：505 年，女性：402 年）；其中，六价铬在这些有毒金属中造成的 PYLL 最高，占 72.7%（男性：75.3%，女性：69.5%），其次是砷，占 16.4%（男性：13.8%，女性：19.8%）。浓度水平和 PYLL 都表现出很大的空间变异性，排名靠前的城市受到发达的金属相关产业和以煤炭为动力的工业部门的影响。
