Li Lihong, Qi Hongxue, Li Xiaodong
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China.
Toxics. 2022 Aug 11;10(8):467. doi: 10.3390/toxics10080467.
The composition, source, and health risks of PM2.5-bound metals were investigated during winter haze in Yuci College Town, Shanxi, China. The 24-h PM2.5 levels of 34 samples ranged from 17 to 174 μg·m−3, with a mean of 81 ± 35 μg·m−3. PM2.5-bound metals ranked in the following order: Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Ni > Cr (VI) > Cd > Co. The concentrations of 18% As and 100% Cr (VI) exceeded the corresponding standards of the Ambient Air Quality Standards set by China and the WHO. Subsequently, positive matrix factorization analyses revealed that the three major sources of metals were combustion (37.91%), traffic emissions (32.19%), and industry sources (29.9%). Finally, the non-carcinogenic risks for eight metals indicated that only 2.9% of the samples exceeded a threshold value of one, and As accounted for 45.31%. The total carcinogenic risk values for six metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr (VI), Ni, and Pb) were in the range from 10−6 to 10−4, with Cr (VI) and As accounting for 80.92% and 15.52%, respectively. In conclusion, winter haze in Yuci College Town was characterized by higher metal levels and health risks; among the metals, As and Cr (VI) were probably the main contributors.
在中国山西省榆次大学城冬季雾霾期间，对细颗粒物（PM2.5）结合态金属的组成、来源及健康风险进行了调查。34个样本的24小时PM2.5浓度范围为17至174μg·m−3，平均值为81±35μg·m−3。PM2.5结合态金属的含量排序如下：锌>铜>铅>砷>镍>六价铬>镉>钴。18%的砷和100%的六价铬浓度超过了中国和世界卫生组织制定的《环境空气质量标准》中的相应标准。随后，正定矩阵因子分解分析表明，金属的三大来源为燃烧（37.91%）、交通排放（32.19%）和工业源（29.9%）。最后，对八种金属的非致癌风险评估表明，只有2.9%的样本超过了阈值1，其中砷占45.31%。六种金属（砷、镉、钴、六价铬、镍和铅）的总致癌风险值在10−6至10−4之间，其中六价铬和砷分别占80.92%和15.52%。综上所述，榆次大学城冬季雾霾的特点是金属含量较高且存在健康风险；在这些金属中，砷和六价铬可能是主要贡献因素。
