Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
Chemosphere. 2022 Apr;292:133369. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133369. Epub 2021 Dec 22.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are significantly tunable materials that can be exploited in a wide range of applications. In recent years, a large number of studies have been focused on synthesizing nano-scale MOFs (nanoMOFs), thus taking advantage of these unique materials in various applications, especially those that are only possible at nano-scale. One of the technologies where nanoMOF materials occupy a central role is the membrane technology as one of the most efficient separation techniques. Therefore, numerous reports can be found on the enhancement of the physicochemical properties of polymeric membranes by using nanoMOFs, leading to remarkably improved performance. One of the most considerable applications of these nanoMOF-based membranes is in water treatment systems, because freshwater scarcity is now an undeniable crisis facing humanity. In this in-depth review, the most prominent synthesis and post-synthesis methods for the fabrication of nanoMOFs are initially discussed. Afterwards, different nanoMOF-based composite membranes such as thin-film nanocomposites (TFN) and mixed-matrix membranes (MMM) and their various fabrication methods are reviewed and compared. Then, the impacts of using MOFs-based membranes for water purification through growing metal-organic frameworks crystals on the support materials and utilization of metal-organic frameworks as fillers in mixed matrix membrane (MMM) are highlighted. Finally, a summary of pros and cons of using nanoMOFs in membrane technology for water treatment purposes and clear future prospects and research potentials are presented.
金属-有机骨架（MOFs）是一种可高度调控的材料，可广泛应用于各种领域。近年来，大量研究致力于合成纳米级 MOFs（nanoMOFs），以充分利用这些独特材料在各种应用中的优势，尤其是在纳米尺度下才可能实现的应用。在膜技术领域，nanoMOF 材料发挥着核心作用，它是一种最有效的分离技术之一。因此，大量报告都致力于通过使用 nanoMOFs 来提高聚合物膜的物理化学性质，从而显著提高其性能。基于这些 nanoMOF 的膜在水处理系统中具有最显著的应用，因为淡水资源短缺是人类目前面临的不可否认的危机。在这篇深入的综述中，首先讨论了制备 nanoMOFs 的最突出的合成和后合成方法。之后，综述并比较了不同的基于 nanoMOF 的复合膜，如薄膜纳米复合膜（TFN）和混合基质膜（MMM）及其各种制备方法。然后，强调了通过在支撑材料上生长金属-有机骨架晶体来利用 MOF 基膜进行水净化的影响，以及将金属-有机骨架作为混合基质膜（MMM）中的填充材料的利用。最后，总结了在水处理目的的膜技术中使用 nanoMOFs 的优缺点，并对未来的前景和研究潜力进行了清晰的阐述。
