Herman James P
Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Cincinnati Veterans Administration Medical Center, USA.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2022 Mar;137:105641. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105641. Epub 2021 Dec 20.
Glucocorticoid signaling plays major roles in energy homeostasis and adaptation to adversity, and dysregulation of this process is linked to systemic and psychological pathology. Over the last several decades, new work has challenged many of the long-standing assumptions regarding regulation of glucocorticoid secretion and glucocorticoid signaling mechanisms, revealing an exquisite complexity that accompanies the important and perhaps global role of these hormones in physiological and psychological regulation. New findings have included discovery of membrane signaling, direct neural control of the adrenal, a role for pulsatile glucocorticoid release in glucocorticoid receptor signaling, marked sex differences in brain glucocorticoid biology, and salutary as well as deleterious roles for glucocorticoids in long- and short-term adaptations to stress. This review covers some of the major lessons learned in the area of mechanisms of glucocorticoid signaling, and discusses how these may inform the field moving forward.
糖皮质激素信号传导在能量稳态和适应逆境中起主要作用，该过程的失调与全身和心理病理学相关。在过去几十年中，新的研究对许多关于糖皮质激素分泌调节和糖皮质激素信号传导机制的长期假设提出了挑战，揭示了这些激素在生理和心理调节中的重要且可能具有全局性作用所伴随的精妙复杂性。新发现包括膜信号传导的确证、肾上腺的直接神经控制、脉冲式糖皮质激素释放在糖皮质激素受体信号传导中的作用、脑糖皮质激素生物学中显著的性别差异，以及糖皮质激素在长期和短期应激适应中的有益和有害作用。本综述涵盖了糖皮质激素信号传导机制领域的一些主要经验教训，并讨论了这些经验教训如何为该领域的未来发展提供信息。
