Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais - PPGRGV, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346 - Bairro Itacorubi, 88.034-001, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2022 Apr;292:133334. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133334. Epub 2021 Dec 24.
Royal jelly (RJ) is rich in protective elements associated with collective immune defenses in the hive of Apis mellifera. Exposure of bees to glyphosate-based herbicides causes ultrastructural changes in the hypopharyngeal glands and a reduction in the production of RJ. However, the effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on the protein composition of RJ and consequences for the hive are unknown. Thus, we performed proteomic profiling of royal jelly produced in hives of A. mellifera exposed to food containing 1,5 μL of Roundup® (2.16 mg. g of glyphosate). The production of RJ was carried out in six hives, following the method of artificial production of queens. The combs containing 80 grafting cells were introduced into the hives, and the collection of royal jelly was performed after 72 h. Two treatments were determined based on hive feeding and the hive as the experimental unit: Control and "Roundup®". Royal jelly from the Roundup® treatment hives was compared to the Control hives. Proteins with differences in expression were identified by mass spectrometry. Only the proteins present in all three biological replicates were considered in the differential abundance analysis, using Student's t-test (p-value < 0.05, two-tailed). Hives that received food containing Roundup®, analysis showed alterations in protein profile in the RJ produced therein. In total, 24 proteins were identified, and the accumulation of Major royal jelly protein 3 (MRJP3) was downregulated, showing a significant reduction in hives exposed to food containing Roundup® in relation to control hives (t = 0.0017). MRJP3 acts analogously to polyclonal antigen-antibody reactions, performing functions related to immunity in bees of different ages and castes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate changes in the proteomic profile of RJ caused by glyphosate-based herbicides, indicating its negative effects on the nutrition and social immunity of bees.
蜂王浆（RJ）富含与蜜蜂群体免疫防御相关的保护元素。蜜蜂接触草甘膦基除草剂会导致下咽腺的超微结构发生变化，并减少 RJ 的产生。然而，草甘膦基除草剂对 RJ 的蛋白质组成的影响以及对蜂巢的后果尚不清楚。因此，我们对暴露于含有 1.5 μL Roundup®（2.16 mg.g 草甘膦）的食物中的蜜蜂的蜂巢中产生的蜂王浆进行了蛋白质组学分析。按照人工育王的方法，在六个蜂巢中进行了 RJ 的生产。将含有 80 个嫁接细胞的巢脾引入蜂巢中，在 72 小时后收集蜂王浆。根据蜂巢的喂养方式和蜂巢作为实验单位确定了两种处理方法：对照和“Roundup®”。将“Roundup®”处理蜂巢的蜂王浆与对照蜂巢进行比较。通过质谱法鉴定表达差异的蛋白质。只有在所有三个生物学重复中都存在的蛋白质才会被纳入差异丰度分析，使用 Student's t 检验（p 值<0.05，双侧）。分析表明，摄入含有 Roundup®的食物的蜂巢中的 RJ 蛋白质图谱发生了改变。总共鉴定出 24 种蛋白质，主要蜂王浆蛋白 3（MRJP3）的积累被下调，与对照蜂巢相比，暴露于含有 Roundup®的食物中的蜂巢中的 MRJP3 显著减少（t = 0.0017）。MRJP3 的作用类似于多克隆抗原-抗体反应，在不同年龄和级别的蜜蜂中发挥与免疫相关的功能。据我们所知，这是第一项证明草甘膦基除草剂对 RJ 蛋白质组图谱产生影响的研究，表明其对蜜蜂的营养和社会免疫产生负面影响。
