Zangger Nathan, Oderbolz Josua, Oxenius Annette
Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Pathogens. 2021 Nov 23;10(12):1531. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10121531.
CD4 T cells are well known for their supportive role in CD8 T cell and B cell responses during viral infection. However, during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection in the salivary glands (SGs), CD4 T cells exhibit direct antiviral effector functions to control the infection. In this mucosal organ, opposed to other infected tissues, MCMV establishes a sustained lytic replication that lasts for several weeks. While the protective function of CD4 T cells is exerted through the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), the reasons for their markedly delayed control of lytic MCMV infection remain elusive. Here, we review the current knowledge on the dynamics and mechanisms of the CD4 T cell-mediated control of MCMV-infected SGs, including their localization in the SG in relation to MCMV infected cells and other immune cells, their mode of action, and their regulation.
CD4 T细胞在病毒感染期间对CD8 T细胞和B细胞反应的支持作用广为人知。然而，在唾液腺（SGs）的鼠巨细胞病毒（MCMV）感染过程中，CD4 T细胞表现出直接的抗病毒效应功能以控制感染。在这个黏膜器官中，与其他受感染组织不同，MCMV建立了持续数周的溶细胞性复制。虽然CD4 T细胞的保护功能是通过产生促炎细胞因子γ干扰素（IFNγ）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF）来发挥的，但其对MCMV溶细胞性感染的控制明显延迟的原因仍不清楚。在这里，我们综述了目前关于CD4 T细胞介导的对MCMV感染的SGs控制的动力学和机制的知识，包括它们在SG中相对于MCMV感染细胞和其他免疫细胞的定位、它们的作用方式及其调节。
