Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 8;13(12):4385. doi: 10.3390/nu13124385.
Sarcopenia, also known as skeletal muscle atrophy, is characterized by significant loss of muscle mass and strength. Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hydrolysates have anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation properties. However, the anti-sarcopenic effect of oyster hydrolysates remains uninvestigated. Therefore, we prepared two different oyster hydrolysates, namely TGPN and PNY. This study aimed to determine the anti-muscle atrophy efficacy and molecular mechanisms of TGPN and PNY on both C2C12 cell lines and mice. In vitro, the TGPN and PNY recovered the dexamethasone-induced reduction in the myotube diameters. In vivo, TGPN and PNY administration not only improved grip strength and exercise endurance, but also attenuated the loss of muscle mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Mechanistically, TGPN and PNY increased the expression of protein synthesis-related protein levels via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway, and reduced the expression of protein degradation-related protein levels via the PI3K/Akt/forkhead box O pathway. Also, TGPN and PNY stimulated NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1(SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1,2, mitochondrial transcription factor A, along with mitochondrial DNA content via SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling. These findings suggest oyster hydrolysates could be used as a valuable natural material that inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy via regulating protein turnover and mitochondrial biogenesis.
肌肉减少症，又称骨骼肌萎缩，其特征是肌肉质量和力量的显著丧失。牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）水解物具有抗癌、抗氧化和抗炎特性。然而，牡蛎水解物的抗肌肉减少作用尚未得到研究。因此，我们制备了两种不同的牡蛎水解物，即 TGPN 和 PNY。本研究旨在确定 TGPN 和 PNY 对 C2C12 细胞系和小鼠的抗肌肉萎缩功效和分子机制。在体外，TGPN 和 PNY 恢复了地塞米松诱导的肌管直径减小。在体内，TGPN 和 PNY 的给药不仅改善了握力和运动耐力，还减轻了肌肉质量和肌纤维横截面积的损失。在机制上，TGPN 和 PNY 通过磷酸肌醇 3-激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶 B（Akt）/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白途径增加了与蛋白质合成相关的蛋白水平的表达，并通过 PI3K/Akt/叉头框 O 途径降低了与蛋白质降解相关的蛋白水平的表达。此外，TGPN 和 PNY 通过 SIRT1/PGC-1α 信号刺激 NAD 依赖性去乙酰化酶 SIRT1、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 共激活因子 1α（PGC-1α）、核呼吸因子 1、2、线粒体转录因子 A 以及线粒体 DNA 含量。这些发现表明，牡蛎水解物可作为一种有价值的天然物质，通过调节蛋白质周转和线粒体生物发生来抑制骨骼肌萎缩。
