Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 20;13(12):4564. doi: 10.3390/nu13124564.
Previous studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of a Mediterranean diet in mitigating health issues related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. However, rapid changes in the traditional way of life and the "westernization" of the diet in Mediterranean populations, especially in younger generations, has led to progressive abandonment of healthy dietary patterns. In order to investigate the generation shift in dietary patterns and lifestyle habits in the Mediterranean part of Croatia, we compared two cohorts of 610 women (266 pregnant and 344 non-pregnant) from the same region, but from different age groups. The MDSS score was derived from food frequency questionnaires. The results showed that the young, reproductively active generation (pregnant women) in Dalmatia, Croatia, although having a higher education and socioeconomic status, exhibits a more adverse eating behaviour (lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet) and lifestyle (excessive smoking in pregnancy) than the older population from the same region. Lower MDSS scores across aggregated age groups in both cohorts showed significant association with higher blood lipid levels and higher smoking frequency. In conclusion, Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with biological markers (age, lipid profile) and lifestyle (smoking) in our study, with a more adverse trend observed in the younger generation.
先前的研究已经证实，地中海饮食对减轻与心血管疾病、糖尿病和肥胖相关的健康问题具有有益作用。然而，地中海地区人们的生活方式迅速改变，饮食“西化”，尤其是年轻一代，这导致健康的饮食模式逐渐被摒弃。为了研究克罗地亚地中海地区饮食模式和生活习惯的代际变化，我们比较了来自同一地区但处于不同年龄组的两组 610 名女性（266 名孕妇和 344 名非孕妇）。MDSS 评分来自食物频率问卷。结果表明，克罗地亚达尔马提亚的年轻、有生育能力的一代（孕妇），尽管受教育程度和社会经济地位较高，但饮食行为（对地中海饮食的依从性较低）和生活方式（怀孕期间过度吸烟）比同一地区的老年人群更差。两个队列中年龄组综合得分较低与血脂水平升高和吸烟频率升高显著相关。总之，本研究中地中海饮食的依从性与生物标志物（年龄、血脂谱）和生活方式（吸烟）有关，在年轻一代中观察到更不利的趋势。
