Bibiloni Maria Del Mar, González Mónica, Julibert Alicia, Llompart Isabel, Pons Antoni, Tur Josep A
Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038, Guillem Colom Bldg Campus, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Nutrients. 2017 Jul 14;9(7):749. doi: 10.3390/nu9070749.
The aim of this work was to assess ten-year trends (1999-2010) of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) among the Balearic Islands' adult population. Two independent cross-sectional dietary surveys (1999-2000, = 1200 and 2009-2010 = 1388, including participants aged 16-65 years) were carried out in the Balearic Islands, Spain. Dietary habits were assessed by means of two 24 h diet recalls and a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire that covers 145 food items. Adherence to the MDP was defined according to a score constructed considering the consumption of nine MDP characteristic components: high monounsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids (MUFA:SFA) ratio, moderate ethanol consumption, high legumes, cereals and roots, fruits, vegetables, and fish consumption, and low consumption of meat and milk. Socio-economic status, education level, lifestyle factors and health status were also assessed. Adherence to the MDP was 43.1% (SD 5.8) in 1999-2000 and 44.6% (SD 8.3) in 2009-2010. Higher age was directly associated with higher adherence to the MDP, and this association was stronger in males than in females. Young generations and smokers showed the lowest adherence to MDP, whereas people with higher educational and socio-economic level, and who were physically active showed the highest adherence. According to the place of birth, the increase in the percentage of the adherence to the MDP was observed to be smaller among the Balearic Island's natives than among people born abroad. In 2009-2010, individuals in the MDP's fourth quartile were more likely to be older (aged 46-65 years), and were less likely to have a low occupational level, to have a light physical activity level and to be smoker than in 1999-2000. The adherence to the MDP has been stabilized and slightly recovered among the Balearic Islands' adult population in the last decade.
这项工作的目的是评估巴利阿里群岛成年人口中遵循地中海饮食模式（MDP）的十年趋势（1999 - 2010年）。在西班牙巴利阿里群岛开展了两项独立的横断面饮食调查（1999 - 2000年，n = 1200；2009 - 2010年，n = 1388），调查对象为16 - 65岁的参与者。通过两份24小时饮食回顾和一份经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷来评估饮食习惯，该问卷涵盖145种食物。根据考虑九种MDP特征成分摄入量构建的分数来定义对MDP的遵循情况，这九种成分包括：高单不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸（MUFA:SFA）比值、适度饮酒、高豆类、谷物和根茎类食物、水果、蔬菜以及鱼类摄入量，以及低肉类和奶类摄入量。还评估了社会经济地位、教育水平、生活方式因素和健康状况。1999 - 2000年对MDP的遵循率为43.1%（标准差5.8），2009 - 2010年为44.6%（标准差8.3）。年龄越大，对MDP的遵循程度越高，且这种关联在男性中比在女性中更强。年轻一代和吸烟者对MDP的遵循程度最低，而教育和社会经济水平较高且身体活跃的人对MDP的遵循程度最高。根据出生地来看，巴利阿里群岛本地居民中对MDP的遵循率增长幅度小于国外出生的人。在2009 - 2010年，处于MDP第四分位数的个体比1999 - 2000年更有可能年龄较大（46 - 65岁），且不太可能职业水平低、身体活动水平低以及吸烟。在过去十年中，巴利阿里群岛成年人口对MDP的遵循情况已趋于稳定并略有回升。
