Khandker Shahad Saif, Godman Brian, Jawad Md Irfan, Meghla Bushra Ayat, Tisha Taslima Akter, Khondoker Mohib Ullah, Haq Md Ahsanul, Charan Jaykaran, Talukder Ali Azam, Azmuda Nafisa, Sharmin Shahana, Jamiruddin Mohd Raeed, Haque Mainul, Adnan Nihad
Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Nov 24;9(12):1387. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9121387.
COVID-19 vaccines are indispensable, with the number of cases and mortality still rising, and currently no medicines are routinely available for reducing morbidity and mortality, apart from dexamethasone, although others are being trialed and launched. To date, only a limited number of vaccines have been given emergency use authorization by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. There is a need to systematically review the existing vaccine candidates and investigate their safety, efficacy, immunogenicity, unwanted events, and limitations. The review was undertaken by searching online databases, i.e., Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, with finally 59 studies selected. Our findings showed several types of vaccine candidates with different strategies against SARS-CoV-2, including inactivated, mRNA-based, recombinant, and nanoparticle-based vaccines, are being developed and launched. We have compared these vaccines in terms of their efficacy, side effects, and seroconversion based on data reported in the literature. We found mRNA vaccines appeared to have better efficacy, and inactivated ones had fewer side effects and similar seroconversion in all types of vaccines. Overall, global variant surveillance and systematic tweaking of vaccines, coupled with the evaluation and administering vaccines with the same or different technology in successive doses along with homologous and heterologous prime-booster strategy, have become essential to impede the pandemic. Their effectiveness appreciably outweighs any concerns with any adverse events.
新冠疫苗不可或缺，鉴于病例数和死亡人数仍在上升，目前除地塞米松外，尚无常规可用药物来降低发病率和死亡率，不过其他药物正在进行试验和推出。迄今为止，只有少数疫苗获得了美国食品药品监督管理局和欧洲药品管理局的紧急使用授权。有必要系统地审查现有的候选疫苗，并调查其安全性、有效性、免疫原性、不良事件及局限性。通过搜索在线数据库，即谷歌学术、PubMed和科学Direct进行了这项综述，最终选定了59项研究。我们的研究结果表明，正在研发和推出几种针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）采用不同策略的候选疫苗，包括灭活疫苗、基于信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的疫苗、重组疫苗和基于纳米颗粒的疫苗。我们根据文献报道的数据，在疗效、副作用和血清转化方面对这些疫苗进行了比较。我们发现，mRNA疫苗似乎具有更好的疗效，而在所有类型的疫苗中，灭活疫苗的副作用较少且血清转化率相似。总体而言，全球变异株监测和疫苗的系统性调整，以及连续接种相同或不同技术的疫苗并采用同源和异源初免-加强策略进行评估和接种，对于阻止疫情至关重要。它们的有效性明显超过了对任何不良事件的担忧。
