Guerrieri Mariapia, Francavilla Beatrice, Fiorelli Denise, Nuccetelli Marzia, Passali Francesco Maria, Coppeta Luca, Somma Giuseppina, Bernardini Sergio, Magrini Andrea, Di Girolamo Stefano
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy.
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00100 Rome, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Dec 18;9(12):1499. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9121499.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays are crucial in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Approved mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are well known to induce a serum antibody responses against the spike protein and its RBD. Mucosal immunity plays a major role in the fight against COVID-19 directly at the site of virus entry; however, vaccine abilities to elicit mucosal immune responses have not been reported. We detected anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA-S1 and IgG-RBD in three study populations (healthy controls, vaccinated subjects, and subjects recovered from COVID-19 infection) on serum, saliva, and nasal secretions using two commercial immunoassays (ELISA for IgA-S1 and chemiluminescent assay for IgG-RBD). Our results show that the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine Comirnaty (Pfizer/BioNTech, New York, NY, USA) determines the production of nasal and salivary IgA-S1 and IgG-RBD against SARS-CoV-2. This mucosal humoral immune response is stronger after the injection of the second vaccine dose compared to subjects recovered from COVID-19. Since there is a lack of validated assays on saliva and nasal secretions, this study shows that our pre-analytical and analytical procedures are consistent with the data. Our findings indicate that the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine elicits antigen-specific nasal and salivary immune responses, and that mucosal antibody assays could be used as candidates for non-invasive monitoring of vaccine-induced protection against viral infection.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）抗体检测在管理新冠疫情中至关重要。众所周知，获批的新冠mRNA疫苗可诱导针对刺突蛋白及其受体结合域（RBD）的血清抗体反应。黏膜免疫在病毒进入部位直接对抗新冠病毒的过程中发挥着主要作用；然而，疫苗引发黏膜免疫反应的能力尚未见报道。我们使用两种商业免疫测定法（检测IgA-S1的酶联免疫吸附测定法和检测IgG-RBD的化学发光测定法），在三个研究人群（健康对照者、接种疫苗者以及新冠病毒感染康复者）的血清、唾液和鼻分泌物中检测了抗SARS-CoV-2 IgA-S1和IgG-RBD。我们的结果表明，mRNA疫苗BNT162b2（商品名Comirnaty，辉瑞/生物新技术公司，美国纽约州纽约市）可促使针对SARS-CoV-2产生鼻腔和唾液IgA-S1以及IgG-RBD。与新冠病毒感染康复者相比，在注射第二剂疫苗后，这种黏膜体液免疫反应更强。由于缺乏针对唾液和鼻分泌物的经过验证的检测方法，本研究表明我们的分析前和分析程序与数据是一致的。我们的研究结果表明，新冠mRNA疫苗可引发抗原特异性的鼻腔和唾液免疫反应，并且黏膜抗体检测可作为无创监测疫苗诱导的抗病毒感染保护作用的候选方法。
