Frankin Sivan, Roychowdhury Rajib, Nashef Kamal, Abbo Shahal, Bonfil David J, Ben-David Roi
Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel.
The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7628604, Israel.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 28;10(12):2612. doi: 10.3390/plants10122612.
The Near East climate ranges from arid to a Mediterranean, under which local wheat landraces have been grown for over millennia, assumingly accumulating a unique repertoire of genetic adaptations. In the current study, we subjected a subset of the Israeli Palestinian Landraces (IPLR) collection ( = 19: durum and bread wheat landraces, modern wheat cultivars, and landraces mixtures) to full-field evaluation. The multifield experiment included a semiarid site (2018-2019, 2019-2020) under low (L) and high (H) supplementary irrigation, and a Mediterranean site (2019-2020). Water availability had a major impact on crop performance. This was reflected in a strong discrimination between environments for biomass productivity and yield components. Compared to landraces, modern cultivars exhibited significantly higher grain yield (GY) across environments (+102%) reflecting the effect of the Green Revolution. However, under the Gilat19 (L) environment, this productivity gap was significantly reduced (only +39%). Five excelling landraces and the durum mix exhibited good agronomic potential across all trails. This was expressed in relatively high GY (2.3-2.85 t ha), early phenology (86-96 days to heading) and lodging resistance. Given the growing interest of stakeholders and consumers, these might be considered future candidates for the local artisanal wheat grain market. Yet, this step should be taken only after establishing an adjustable field management protocol.
近东地区的气候从干旱到地中海气候不等，在这种气候条件下，当地的小麦地方品种已经种植了数千年，据推测积累了独特的遗传适应库。在当前的研究中，我们对以色列巴勒斯坦地方品种（IPLR）收集的一个子集（=19个：硬粒小麦和面包小麦地方品种、现代小麦品种以及地方品种混合物）进行了全田评估。多地点试验包括一个半干旱地点（2018 - 2019年、2019 - 2020年），设置了低（L）和高（H）补充灌溉条件，以及一个地中海气候地点（2019 - 2020年）。水分供应对作物表现有重大影响。这体现在不同环境下生物量生产力和产量构成因素之间的强烈差异上。与地方品种相比，现代品种在所有环境下的籽粒产量（GY）显著更高（+102%），这反映了绿色革命的影响。然而，在吉拉特19（L）环境下，这种生产力差距显著缩小（仅+39%）。五个优良地方品种和硬粒小麦混合物在所有试验中都表现出良好的农艺潜力。这表现为相对较高的籽粒产量（2.3 - 2.85吨/公顷）、较早的物候期（抽穗期86 - 96天）和抗倒伏性。鉴于利益相关者和消费者的兴趣日益增加，这些品种可能被视为当地手工小麦市场的未来候选品种。然而，只有在建立可调整的田间管理方案之后才能采取这一步骤。
