Prieto-Benítez Samuel, Ruiz-Checa Raquel, Bermejo-Bermejo Victoria, Gonzalez-Fernandez Ignacio
Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Environmental Department CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Dec 14;10(12):2750. doi: 10.3390/plants10122750.
Ozone (O) effects on the visual attraction traits (color, perception and area) of petals are described for , an endangered plant species. Plants were exposed to three O treatments: charcoal-filtered air (CFA), ambient (NFA) and ambient + 40 nL L O (FU+) in open-top chambers. Changes in color were measured by spectral reflectance, from which the anthocyanin reflectance index (ARI) was calculated. Petal spectral reflectance was mapped onto color spaces of bees, flies and butterflies for studying color changes as perceived by different pollinator guilds. Ozone-induced increases in petal reflectance and a rise in ARI under NFA were observed. Ambient O levels also induced a partial change in the color perception of flies, with the number of petals seen as blue increasing to 53% compared to only 24% in CFA. Butterflies also showed the ability to partially perceive petal color changes, differentiating some CFA petals from NFA and FU+ petals through changes in the excitation of the UV photoreceptor. Importantly, O reduced petal area by 19.8 and 25% in NFA and FU+ relative to CFA, respectively. In sensitive species O may affect visual attraction traits important for pollination, and spectral reflectance is proposed as a novel method for studying O effects on flower color.
本文描述了臭氧（O）对一种濒危植物花瓣视觉吸引特征（颜色、感知和面积）的影响。将植物置于开顶式气室中，接受三种臭氧处理：活性炭过滤空气（CFA）、环境空气（NFA）和环境空气 + 40 nL L O（FU+）。通过光谱反射率测量颜色变化，并据此计算花青素反射指数（ARI）。将花瓣光谱反射率映射到蜜蜂、苍蝇和蝴蝶的颜色空间，以研究不同传粉者群体所感知的颜色变化。观察到在NFA条件下，臭氧导致花瓣反射率增加以及ARI升高。环境臭氧水平还引起了苍蝇对颜色感知的部分变化，与CFA中仅24%的花瓣被视为蓝色相比，NFA中被视为蓝色的花瓣数量增加到了53%。蝴蝶也表现出部分感知花瓣颜色变化的能力，通过紫外光感受器激发的变化，区分一些CFA花瓣与NFA和FU+花瓣。重要的是，相对于CFA，NFA和FU+中的臭氧分别使花瓣面积减少了19.8%和25%。在敏感物种中，臭氧可能会影响对授粉很重要的视觉吸引特征，并且光谱反射率被提议作为一种研究臭氧对花朵颜色影响的新方法。
