Liu Hong, Yuan Yi-Min, Qin Shang-Yao, Liu Tao, Su Zhi-Da
Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2021 Dec 25;73(6):940-952.
NG2-glia are a major type of glial cells that are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, they mainly differentiate into oligodendrocytes and contribute to the myelination of axons, so they are generally called oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Emerging evidence suggests that NG2-glia not only act as the precursors of oligodendrocytes but also possess many other biological properties and functions. For example, NG2-glia can form synapse with neurons and participate in energy metabolism and immune regulation. Under pathological conditions, NG2-glia can also differentiate into astrocytes, Schwann cells and even neurons, which are involved in CNS injury and repair. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the biological characteristics and functions of NG2-glia under physiological and pathological conditions will be helpful for the treatment of CNS injury and disease. This article reviews the recent advances in the biological characteristics and functions of NG2-glia.
NG2胶质细胞是一种主要的神经胶质细胞类型，广泛分布于中枢神经系统（CNS）。在生理条件下，它们主要分化为少突胶质细胞并参与轴突的髓鞘形成，因此通常被称为少突胶质细胞前体细胞。新出现的证据表明，NG2胶质细胞不仅作为少突胶质细胞的前体，还具有许多其他生物学特性和功能。例如，NG2胶质细胞可与神经元形成突触，并参与能量代谢和免疫调节。在病理条件下，NG2胶质细胞还可分化为星形胶质细胞、施万细胞甚至神经元，参与中枢神经系统损伤和修复。因此，更深入地了解生理和病理条件下NG2胶质细胞的生物学特性和功能将有助于治疗中枢神经系统损伤和疾病。本文综述了NG2胶质细胞生物学特性和功能的最新进展。
