Yang Jun, Lan Liying, Jin Yue, Yu Nan, Wang Dong, Wang Ertao
National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200234, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2022 Feb;64(2):244-267. doi: 10.1111/jipb.13207.
Legumes, unlike most land plants, can form symbiotic root nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to secure nitrogen for growth. The formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on legume roots requires the coordination of rhizobial infection at the root epidermis with cell division in the cortex. The nodules house the nitrogen-fixing rhizobia in organelle-like structures known as symbiosomes, which enable nitrogen fixation and facilitate the exchange of metabolites between the host and symbionts. In addition to this beneficial interaction, legumes are continuously exposed to would-be pathogenic microbes; therefore the ability to discriminate pathogens from symbionts is a major determinant of plant survival under natural conditions. Here, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of root nodule symbiosis signaling, transcriptional regulation, and regulation of plant immunity during legume-rhizobium symbiosis. In addition, we propose several important questions to be addressed and provide insights into the potential for engineering the capacity to fix nitrogen in legume and non-legume plants.
与大多数陆地植物不同，豆科植物能够与固氮细菌形成共生根瘤，从而为生长获取氮素。豆科植物根上固氮根瘤的形成需要根表皮处根瘤菌感染与皮层细胞分裂的协同作用。根瘤将固氮根瘤菌容纳在称为共生体的细胞器样结构中，这些结构能够实现固氮作用，并促进宿主与共生体之间代谢物的交换。除了这种有益的相互作用外，豆科植物还不断接触潜在的致病微生物；因此，区分病原体与共生体的能力是自然条件下植物生存的主要决定因素。在这里，我们总结了在理解豆科植物与根瘤菌共生过程中根瘤共生信号传导、转录调控以及植物免疫调节方面的最新进展。此外，我们提出了几个需要解决的重要问题，并对在豆科植物和非豆科植物中工程化固氮能力的潜力提供了见解。
