Livestock Research Centre (LRC), Southern Regional Station (SRS), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560 030, Karnataka, India.
LRC, SRS, ICAR-NDRI, Adugodi, Bengaluru, India.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2021 Dec 28;54(1):29. doi: 10.1007/s11250-021-03025-2.
Antimicrobials use (AMU) is the key driver for development of antimicrobials resistant (AMR) pathogen in human and veterinary medicines. Therefore, understanding AMU pattern is prerequisite for focused intervention on AMR. The aim of this study was to understand the AMU pattern and their indications in dairy farm and individual farmer production conditions in southern India. Treatment registers of 6 years (2012 to 2017) containing 3178 cases from dairy farm and 12,057 cases during 2017-2019 under individual farmer production conditions were collected and analyzed by log-linear model. Seasons were classified as rainy (Jul-Oct), winter (Nov-Feb), and summer (Mar-June) as per climatic conditions in the study area. It is observed that mastitis, lameness, and reproductive problems were major health disorders among treated animals in farm and individual farmer production conditions. Season had significant influence on proportional rates of various health disorders in crossbred cows under both the production conditions. AMU pattern was different between the breeds and production conditions. Antibiotics were the most commonly used group of drugs (23-28%) than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (20%), antihistamine (17%), and nutrient supplements (14-16%). Antibiotics were mostly used for mastitis (47-67%) than other conditions like fever (18%), reproductive problems (15%), and lameness (16%). For treating mastitis, cephalosporins and gentamicin were most commonly used under individual farmer production condition, while penicillin group was frequently used in farm. It is concluded that mastitis is the most common indication for AMU in dairy animals and thus developing appropriate guidelines for mastitis treatment and control is necessary to reduce overall AMU.
抗生素使用（AMU）是人类和兽医医学中抗生素耐药（AMR）病原体发展的关键驱动因素。因此，了解 AMU 模式是针对 AMR 进行重点干预的前提。本研究旨在了解印度南部奶牛场和个体农民生产条件下的 AMU 模式及其适应症。收集并通过对数线性模型分析了奶牛场 6 年（2012 年至 2017 年）的 3178 例和个体农民生产条件下 2017 年至 2019 年的 12057 例治疗记录。根据研究区域的气候条件，将季节分为雨季（7 月至 10 月）、冬季（11 月至 2 月）和夏季（3 月至 6 月）。结果表明，乳腺炎、跛行和生殖问题是奶牛场和个体农民生产条件下治疗动物的主要健康障碍。季节对两种生产条件下杂交奶牛各种健康障碍的比例有显著影响。抗生素是最常用的药物组（23-28%），而非甾体抗炎药（20%）、抗组胺药（17%）和营养补充剂（14-16%）次之。抗生素主要用于乳腺炎（47-67%），而其他疾病如发热（18%）、生殖问题（15%）和跛行（16%）则较少使用。在个体农民生产条件下，头孢菌素和庆大霉素是治疗乳腺炎最常用的抗生素，而青霉素类则在奶牛场中经常使用。结论是乳腺炎是奶牛动物中最常见的 AMU 适应症，因此制定适当的乳腺炎治疗和控制指南对于减少整体 AMU 是必要的。
