Little Melissa A, Wang Xin-Qun, Fahey Margaret C, Wiseman Kara P, Pebley Kinsey, Klesges Robert C, Talcott Gerald W
School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States.
University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, United States.
Tob Induc Dis. 2021 Dec 8;19:95. doi: 10.18332/tid/143282. eCollection 2021.
Most smokers begin using tobacco before the age of 25 years, making it important to reduce tobacco use during adolescence and early adulthood. Rates of use are historically higher among military personnel. While 'Tobacco 21' made it illegal for US retailers to sell tobacco to those aged <21 years, the policy did not address cessation for current youth and young adult tobacco users. Additionally, there is limited research on cessation interventions among young adults under 21 years. The current study evaluated the efficacy of a group-based Brief Tobacco Intervention (BTI) among US Air Force trainees, who are predominantly aged 18-20 years and directly impacted by Tobacco 21 legislation.
Participants were 2969 US Air Force Trainees from April 2017 through January 2018 cluster randomized to three conditions: 1) BTI + Airman's Guide to Remaining Tobacco Free (AG), 2) AG alone, and 3) the National Cancer Institute's Clearing the Air (CTA) pamphlet. To assess the efficacy of the interventions among people aged 18-20 years, a domain analysis (<21 years, n=2117; and ≥21 years, n=852) of a multinomial logistic regression model was run.
Mono tobacco users aged <21 years at baseline who received the BTI+AG had higher odds of quitting tobacco at 3 months (OR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.02-4.46). Dual and poly users aged <21 years at baseline who received the BTI+AG intervention had higher odds of reducing the number of tobacco products used at 3 months (OR=2.94; 95% CI: 1.03-8.37).
The BTI was effective for people aged 18-20 years. The current study offers insight into components of interventions that might be successful in helping this age group decrease tobacco use.
大多数吸烟者在25岁之前就开始使用烟草，因此在青少年和成年早期减少烟草使用非常重要。从历史上看，军事人员的烟草使用率更高。虽然“21岁禁售烟草”政策使美国零售商向21岁以下人群销售烟草成为非法行为，但该政策并未涉及当前青少年和青年烟草使用者的戒烟问题。此外，关于21岁以下青年成人戒烟干预措施的研究有限。本研究评估了基于小组的简短烟草干预（BTI）对美国空军学员的效果，这些学员主要年龄在18 - 20岁，且直接受到“21岁禁售烟草”立法的影响。
2017年4月至2018年1月期间，2969名美国空军学员被整群随机分为三种情况：1）BTI + 《空军人员保持无烟指南》（AG）；2）仅AG；3）美国国立癌症研究所的《净化空气》（CTA）宣传册。为评估干预措施对18 - 20岁人群的效果，对多项逻辑回归模型进行了领域分析（<21岁，n = 2117；≥21岁，n = 852）。
基线时年龄<21岁的单一烟草使用者接受BTI + AG后，在3个月时戒烟的几率更高（OR = 2.13；95% CI：1.02 - 4.46）。基线时年龄<21岁的双重和多重烟草使用者接受BTI + AG干预后，在3个月时减少所使用烟草产品数量的几率更高（OR = 2.94；95% CI：1.03 - 8.37）。
BTI对18 - 20岁人群有效。本研究为可能成功帮助该年龄组减少烟草使用的干预措施组成部分提供了见解。
