Zhang Xin, Guo Jing, Ma Yue, Lyu Lihua, Ji Yingchao, Guo Yafei, Hao Xinmin
School of Textile and Material Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan No. 1, Ganjingzi district, Dalian 116034, China.
Quartermaster Engineering Technology Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, North Ave. No. 28, Xizhimen, Haidian District, Beijing 100082, China.
ACS Omega. 2021 Dec 8;6(50):35067-35075. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05831. eCollection 2021 Dec 21.
This paper provides an efficient and environmentally friendly biochemical degumming method for hemp fiber, which can address the problems of high temperature, high pressure, and extreme pollution of the traditional chemical method and the harsh reaction conditions of biological degumming, such as a long reaction time and pH. In the biochemical method, dilute solutions of alkali pectinase lyase and chemical additives were used to process the hemp fiber and then the fiber composition and structure were investigated. A comparison of the chemical, biological, and biochemical degumming methods shows that the biochemical method can replace the chemical one causing a similar degumming effect, both being better than the biological method. The best proportion of the biochemical solution was found to be 1.5% alkali pectinase lyase, and for chemical auxiliaries the total amount of alkali was ≤0.4% and the total amount of salt was ≤0.8%. The best conditions of the biochemical degumming process were determined to be a bath ratio of 1:10, reaction temperature of 60 °C, and the time of 60 min. After degumming, the composition of the fiber was as follows: lignin 3.69%, pectin 4.09%, hemicellulose 13.34%, and cellulose 78.87%. The fiber quality index of fibers dealt by the biochemical method shows that the linear density was 4.66 dtex, length was 35.6 mm, and fracture strength was 64.5 cN/dtex, which were higher than those treated by the chemical method. This shows that the biological degumming method can be a green degumming method with higher efficiency, lower consumption, and pollution, as well as has a broad application scope.
本文提供了一种高效且环保的大麻纤维生物化学脱胶方法，该方法可解决传统化学方法存在的高温、高压和极度污染问题，以及生物脱胶反应条件苛刻的问题，如反应时间长和pH值不适等。在生物化学方法中，使用碱性果胶酶裂解酶稀溶液和化学添加剂处理大麻纤维，然后研究纤维的组成和结构。化学、生物和生物化学脱胶方法的比较表明，生物化学方法可以替代化学方法，两者脱胶效果相似，且均优于生物方法。发现生物化学溶液的最佳比例为1.5%碱性果胶酶裂解酶，化学助剂方面，碱总量≤0.4%，盐总量≤0.8%。确定生物化学脱胶工艺的最佳条件为浴比1:10、反应温度60℃、时间60分钟。脱胶后，纤维的组成如下：木质素3.69%、果胶4.09%、半纤维素13.34%、纤维素78.87%。采用生物化学方法处理的纤维的纤维质量指标表明，线密度为4.66 dtex，长度为35.6 mm，断裂强度为64.5 cN/dtex，均高于化学方法处理的纤维。这表明生物脱胶方法可以成为一种高效、低耗、无污染且应用范围广泛的绿色脱胶方法。
