Cho Kyung Hwa, Wolny Jennifer, Kase Julie A, Unno Tatsui, Pachepsky Yakov
Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA.
Water Res. 2022 Feb 1;209:117952. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117952. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
Both algae and bacteria are essential inhabitants of surface waters. Their presence is of ecological significance and sometimes of public health concern triggering various control actions. Interactions of microalgae, macroalgae, submerged aquatic vegetation, and bacteria appear to be important phenomena necessitating a deeper understanding by those involved in research and management of microbial water quality. Given the long-standing reliance on Escherichia coli as an indicator of the potential presence of pathogens in natural waters, understanding its biology in aquatic systems is necessary. The major effects of algae and aquatic vegetation on E. coli growth and survival, including changes in the nutrient supply, modification of water properties and constituents, impact on sunlight radiation penetration, survival as related to substrate attachment, algal mediation of secondary habitats, and survival inhibition due to the release of toxic substances and antibiotics, are discussed in this review. An examination of horizontal gene transfer and antibiotic resistance potential, strain-specific interactions, effects on the microbial, microalgae, and grazer community structure, and hydrodynamic controls is given. Outlooks due to existing and expected consequences of climate change and advances in observation technologies via high-resolution satellite imaging, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), and mathematical modeling are additionally covered. The multiplicity of interactions among bacteria, algae, and aquatic vegetation as well as multifaceted impacts of these interactions, create a wide spectrum of research opportunities and technology developments.
藻类和细菌都是地表水的重要栖息生物。它们的存在具有生态意义，有时还关乎公众健康，从而引发各种控制行动。微藻、大型藻类、沉水水生植被和细菌之间的相互作用似乎是重要现象，需要参与微生物水质研究与管理的人员进行更深入的了解。鉴于长期以来一直依赖大肠杆菌作为天然水体中潜在病原体存在的指标，了解其在水生系统中的生物学特性很有必要。本综述讨论了藻类和水生植被对大肠杆菌生长和存活的主要影响，包括营养供应的变化、水质和成分的改变、对阳光辐射穿透的影响、与底物附着相关的存活情况、次生栖息地的藻类介导作用以及由于有毒物质和抗生素释放导致的存活抑制。还探讨了水平基因转移和抗生素抗性潜力、菌株特异性相互作用、对微生物、微藻和食草动物群落结构的影响以及流体动力学控制。此外，还涵盖了气候变化的现有和预期后果以及通过高分辨率卫星成像、无人机和数学建模等观测技术取得的进展所带来的展望。细菌、藻类和水生植被之间相互作用的多样性以及这些相互作用的多方面影响，创造了广泛的研究机会和技术发展空间。
