Marine Biological Station, Sado Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, 87 Tassha, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
Aquat Toxicol. 2022 Feb;243:106058. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106058. Epub 2021 Dec 23.
Juvenile hormone (JH) are a family of multifunctional hormones regulating larval development, molting, metamorphosis, reproduction, and phenotypic plasticity in arthropods. Based on its importance in arthropod life histories, many insect growth regulators (IGRs) mimicking JH have been designed to control harmful insects in agriculture and aquaculture. These JH analogs (JHAs) may also pose hazards to nontarget species by causing unexpected endocrine-disrupting (ED) effects such as molting and metamorphosis defects, larval lethality, and disruption of the sexual identity. This critical review summarizes the current knowledge of the JH-mediated effects in the freshwater cladoceran crustaceans such as Daphnia species on JHA-triggered endocrine disruptive outputs to establish a systematic understanding of JHA effects. Based on the current knowledge, adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) addressing the JHA-mediated ED effects in cladoceran leading to male offspring production and subsequent population decline were developed. The weight of evidence (WoE) of AOPs was assessed according to established guidelines. The review and AOP development aim to present the current scientific understanding of the JH pathway and provide a robust reference for the development of tiered testing strategies and new risk assessment approaches for JHAs in future ecotoxicological research and regulatory processes.
保幼激素（JH）是一类多功能激素，在节肢动物中调节幼虫发育、蜕皮、变态、生殖和表型可塑性。基于其在节肢动物生活史中的重要性，许多模仿 JH 的昆虫生长调节剂（IGR）被设计用于控制农业和水产养殖中的有害昆虫。这些 JH 类似物（JHAs）也可能通过引起蜕皮和变态缺陷、幼虫致死和性身份中断等意外的内分泌干扰（ED）效应，对非目标物种构成危害。本综述总结了 JH 介导的淡水桡足类甲壳动物（如 Daphnia 属）的效应的最新知识，包括 JHA 引发的内分泌干扰输出，以建立对 JHA 效应的系统理解。基于现有知识，开发了针对桡足类动物中 JHA 介导的 ED 效应导致雄性后代产生和随后种群减少的途径的不良结局途径（AOP）。根据既定指南评估了 AOP 的证据权重（WoE）。该综述和 AOP 开发旨在展示 JH 途径的当前科学认识，并为未来生态毒理学研究和监管过程中 JHAs 的分层测试策略和新风险评估方法的开发提供有力参考。
