Faculty of Social Sciences.
School of Psychology.
Psychol Bull. 2021 Oct;147(10):1054-1074. doi: 10.1037/bul0000345. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
Decades of research has examined the difficulty that people with psychiatric diagnoses have in recalling specific autobiographical memories of events that lasted less than a day. Instead, they seem to retrieve general events that have occurred many times or which occurred over longer periods of time, termed overgeneral memory. We present the first transdiagnostic meta-analysis of memory specificity/overgenerality and the first meta-regression of proposed causal mechanisms. A keyword search of Embase, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO databases yielded 74 studies that compared people with and without psychiatric diagnoses on the retrieval of specific ( = 85) or general memories ( = 56). The majority of studies included participants with Major Depressive Disorder (∼49%), Schizophrenia (∼19%), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (∼17%) with few studies involving other groups of participants, for example, Anxiety Disorders (∼5%). Multilevel meta-analysis confirmed that people with psychiatric diagnoses typically recall fewer specific, = -0.864, 95% CI [-1.030, -0.698], and more general, = 712, 95% CI [0.524, 0.900], memories than diagnoses-free people. The size of these effects did not differ between diagnostic groups. There were no consistent moderators of effect size heterogeneity; effect sizes were not explained by methodological factors such as cue valence or demographic variables such as participants' age or between-group differences in process variables (e.g., rumination). Deficits in autobiographical memory retrieval may be a transdiagnostic factor, but further research in underrepresented diagnostic groups, and with novel experimental manipulations of encoding and retrieval processes, is warranted before full transdiagnosticity and the processes underlying reduced specificity/overgenerality can be established. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
几十年来的研究已经考察了患有精神科诊断的人在回忆持续不到一天的特定自传体记忆方面所面临的困难。相反，他们似乎会检索已经发生多次或持续较长时间的一般事件，称为过度概括记忆。我们提出了记忆特异性/过度概括的第一个跨诊断元分析，也是第一个关于假设因果机制的元回归分析。在 Embase、PsycARTICLES 和 PsycINFO 数据库中进行关键词搜索，共得到 74 项比较精神科诊断患者和非精神科诊断患者在特定记忆（=85）或一般记忆（=56）检索方面的研究。大多数研究包括患有重度抑郁症（约 49%）、精神分裂症（约 19%）和创伤后应激障碍（约 17%）的参与者，而很少有研究涉及其他组别的参与者，例如焦虑障碍（约 5%）。多层次元分析证实，患有精神科诊断的人通常会回忆起更少的特定记忆，= -0.864，95%置信区间[-1.030，-0.698]，更多的一般记忆，= 712，95%置信区间[0.524，0.900]，比无诊断的人多。这些效应的大小在不同的诊断组之间没有差异。没有一致的效应量异质性调节因素；效应大小不能用方法学因素（例如线索效价）或人口统计学变量（例如参与者的年龄或组间过程变量（例如，反刍）差异）来解释。自传体记忆检索缺陷可能是一种跨诊断因素，但在充分建立跨诊断性和降低特异性/过度概括性的基础过程之前，还需要在代表性不足的诊断组中进行进一步研究，并对编码和检索过程进行新的实验操作。（APA，版权所有）。
