Moore Sally A, Zoellner Lori A
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Psychol Bull. 2007 May;133(3):419-37. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.3.419.
Does trauma exposure impair retrieval of autobiographical memories? Many theorists have suggested that the reduced ability to access specific memories of life events, termed overgenerality, is a protective mechanism helping attenuate painful emotions associated with trauma. The authors addressed this question by reviewing 24 studies that assessed trauma exposure and overgenerality, examining samples with posttraumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder, depression, traumatic event exposure, and other clinical disorders. Limitations are discussed, including variations in assessment of events, depression, and overgenerality and the need for additional comparison groups. Across studies, there was no consistent association between trauma exposure and overgenerality, suggesting that trauma exposure is unlikely to be the primary mechanism leading to overgenerality. Instead, psychopathology factors such as depression and posttraumatic stress appear to be more consistently associated with overgenerality. Alternative overgenerality theories may help identify key overgenerality mechanisms, improving current understanding of autobiographical memory processes underlying psychopathology.
创伤暴露会损害自传体记忆的提取吗？许多理论家认为，获取生活事件特定记忆的能力下降，即所谓的过度泛化，是一种保护机制，有助于减轻与创伤相关的痛苦情绪。作者通过回顾24项评估创伤暴露和过度泛化的研究来解决这个问题，这些研究考察了患有创伤后应激障碍、急性应激障碍、抑郁症、经历过创伤事件以及其他临床疾病的样本。文中讨论了研究的局限性，包括事件评估、抑郁症和过度泛化方面的差异，以及设立更多对照组的必要性。在各项研究中，创伤暴露与过度泛化之间没有一致的关联，这表明创伤暴露不太可能是导致过度泛化的主要机制。相反，诸如抑郁症和创伤后应激等精神病理学因素似乎与过度泛化更一致地相关。替代性的过度泛化理论可能有助于识别关键的过度泛化机制，增进目前对精神病理学背后自传体记忆过程的理解。
